Climate Change Summit Paris

 

Countries & Climate Action Plans

National Climate Plans (Updated: 2024)

Planet Citizens INDCs to NDCs, Nations of the World Plans to Act on Climate Change

···································································

 

Climate Plans/Data @GreenPolicy360 Afghanistan https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Afghanistan Albania https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Albania Algeria https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Algeria Andorra https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Andorra Angola https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Angola Antigua and Barbuda https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Antigua_and_Barbuda Argentina https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Argentina Armenia https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Armenia Australia https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Australia Austria https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Austria Azerbaijan https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Azerbaijan 🌎 Bahamas https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Bahamas Bahrain https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Bahrain Bangladesh https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Bangladesh Barbados https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Barbados Belarus https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Belarus Belgium https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Belgium Belize https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Belize Benin https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Benin Bhutan https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Benin Bolivia https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Bolivia Bosnia and Herzegovina https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina Botswana https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Botswana Brazil https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Brazil Brunei https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Brunei Bulgaria https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Bulgaria Burkina Faso https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Burkina_Faso Burma / Myanmar https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Burma/Myanmar Burundi https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Burundi 🌎 Cabo Verde https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Cabo_Verde Cambodia https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Cambodia Cameroon https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Cameroon Canada https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Canada Central African Republic https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Central_African_Republic Chad https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Chad Chile https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Chile China https://greenpolicy360.net/w/China Colombia https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Colombia Comoros https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Comoros Cook Islands https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Cook_Islands Costa Rica https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Costa_Rica Cote d'Ivoire/Ivory Coast https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Cote_d%27Ivoire/Ivory_Coast Croatia https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Croatia Cuba https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Cuba Cyprus https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Cyprus Czech Republic https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Czech_Republic 🌎 Democratic Republic of Congo https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo Denmark https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Denmark Djibouti https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Djibouti Dominica https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Dominica Dominican Republic https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Dominican_Republic 🌎 East Timor https://greenpolicy360.net/w/East_Timor Ecuador https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Ecuador Egypt https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Egypt El Salvador' https://greenpolicy360.net/w/El_Salvador Equatorial Guinea https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Equatorial_Guinea Eritrea https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Eritrea Estonia https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Estonia Ethiopia https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Ethiopia 🌎 Fiji https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Fiji Finland https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Finland France https://greenpolicy360.net/w/France 🌎 Gabon https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Gabon Gambia https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Gambia Georgia (Europe) https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Georgia,_Europe Germany https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Germany Ghana https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Ghana Greece https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Greece Grenada https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Grenada Guatemala https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Guatemala Guinea https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Guinea Guinea-Bissau https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Guinea-Bissau Guyana https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Guyana 🌎 Haiti https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Haiti Honduras https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Honduras Hungary https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Hungary

Iceland https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Iceland India https://greenpolicy360.net/w/India Indonesia https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Indonesia Iran https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Iran Iraq https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Iraq Ireland https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Ireland Israel https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Israel Italy https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Italy 🌎 Jamaica https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Jamaica Japan https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Japan Jordan https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Jordan 🌎 Kazakhstan https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Kazakhstan Kenya https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Kenya Kiribati https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Kiribati Kuwait https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Kuwait Kyrgyzstan https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Kyrgyzstan 🌎 Laos https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Laos Latvia https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Latvia Lebanon https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Lebanon Lesotho https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Lesotho Liberia https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Liberia Libya https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Libya Liechtenstein https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Liechtenstein Lithuania https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Lithuania Luxembourg https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Luxembourg 🌎 Macedonia https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Macedonia Madagascar https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Madagascar Malawi https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Malawi Malaysia https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Malaysia Maldives https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Maldives Mali https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Mali Malta https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Malta Marshall Islands https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Marshall_Islands Mauritania https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Mauritania Mauritius https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Mauritius Mexico https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Mexico Micronesia https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Micronesia Moldova https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Moldova Monaco https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Monaco Mongolia https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Mongolia Montenegro https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Montenegro Morocco https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Morocco Mozambique https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Mozambique 🌎 Namibia https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Namibia Nauru https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Nauru Nepal https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Nepal Netherlands https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Netherlands New Zealand https://greenpolicy360.net/w/New_Zealand Nicaragua https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Nicaragua Niger https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Niger Nigeria https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Nigeria Niue https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Niue North Korea https://greenpolicy360.net/w/North_Korea Norway https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Norway 🌎 Oman https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Oman 🌎 Pakistan https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Pakistan Palau https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Palau Panama https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Panama Papua New Guinea https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Papua_New_Guinea Paraguay https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Paraguay Peru https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Peru Philippines https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Philippines Poland https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Poland Portugal https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Portugal 🌎 Qatar https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Qatar 🌎 Republic of the Congo https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Republic_of_the_Congo Romania https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Romania Russian Federation https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Russian_Federation Rwanda https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Rwanda Earth Imaging-New Space

Saint Kitts and Nevis https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis Saint Lucia https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Saint_Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines Samoa https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Samoa San Marino https://greenpolicy360.net/w/San_Marino Sao Tome and Principe https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Sao_Tome_and_Principe Saudi Arabia https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Saudi_Arabia Senegal https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Senegal Serbia https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Serbia Seychelles https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Seychelles Sierra Leone https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Sierra_Leone Singapore https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Singapore Slovakia https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Slovakia Solomon Islands https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Solomon_Islands Somalia https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Somalia South Africa https://greenpolicy360.net/w/South_Africa South Korea https://greenpolicy360.net/w/South_Korea South Sudan https://greenpolicy360.net/w/South_Sudan Spain https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Spain Sri Lanka https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Sri_Lanka Sudan https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Sudan Suriname https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Suriname Swaziland https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Swaziland Sweden https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Sweden Switzerland https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Switzerland Syria https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Syria 🌎 Tajikistan https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Tajikistan Tanzania https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Tanzania Thailand https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Thailand Togo https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Togo Tonga https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Tonga Trinidad and Tobago https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Trinidad_and_Tobago Tunisia https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Tunisia Turkey https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Turkey Turkmenistan https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Turkmenistan Tuvalu https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Tuvalu 🌎 Uganda https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Uganda UK https://greenpolicy360.net/w/UK Ukraine https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Ukraine United Arab Emirates https://greenpolicy360.net/w/United_Arab_Emirates Uruguay https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Uruguay US https://greenpolicy360.net/w/US Uzbekistan https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Uzbekistan 🌎 Vanuatu https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Vanuatu Vatican City https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Vatican_City Venezuela https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Venezuela Vietnam https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Vietnam 🌎 Yemen https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Yemen 🌎 Zambia https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Zambia Zimbabwe https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Zimbabwe 🌎 References: Climate Change Climate Policy StratDem: New Definitions of Security Climate News Events Archive ... 1970 to Today 🌎 Planet Citizen Action Pressuring Nations to Step Up, Cooperate, and Act Now Environmental agreements 🌎 INDCs & NDCs -- Intended & Determined National 'Contributions' International Climate Plans, Pledges & Promises https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nationally_determined_contribution Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) View your country's official plans for climate action United Nations (UN) Climate Plans Database (As of January 2024) https://unfccc.int/NDCREG https://www4.unfccc.int/sites/NDCStaging/Pages/LatestSubmissions.aspx 🌎 Climate Problems, Climate Solutions Green Education Green Best Practices NDC Climate Action 'Good Practices' 🌎 World Resources Institute (WRI) "Climate Watch" (As of February 2024) https://www.climatewatchdata.org/2020-ndc-tracker About Climate Watch - https://www.climatewatchdata.org/about/description Search Database - https://www.climatewatchdata.org/ndcs-explore Viz - https://www.climatewatchdata.org/key-visualizations?visualization=3 🌎 GreenPolicy360 | Climate Plans+, Planet Citizens in Action Science Initiatives & Data, Environmental Laws & Enforcement https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Climate_Plans_Enforcement_-_Resources https://greenpolicy360.net/w/File:Methods_to_enforce_climate_pledges-NDCs_-_Dec_2021.png https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Category:Environmental_Laws https://greenpolicy360.net/w/National_Climate_Plans https://greenpolicy360.net/w/World_map https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Category:INDC https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Category:Location

 

 

Read the Original Paris Agreement on Climate Change

• https://bit.ly/48XprsU

Interactive Version of the First Nation-by-Nation Climate Plans Agreement

Via CarbonBrief (2015)

On 12 December 2015, after 21 years of negotiations, the United Nations delivered a universal, legally binding climate change agreement.

The 32-page document sets out how countries should reduce their emissions, adapt to climate impacts and finance the low-carbon economy over the coming decades.

Over the course of 2015, the text was shortened and simplified — but it was only in Paris that countries got down to the business of haggling over the most controversial elements of the text and deciding on the precise wording of the deal.

This interactive graphic outlines and explains all the fundamental components of the Paris deal.

Among other issues, the graphic covers mitigation, adaptation, loss and damage, finance and transparency. It looks at the elements of the so-called “ambition mechanism”, the inclusion of a 1.5C aspirational target, the long-term goal, and more...

🌎

2023

GreenPolicy360: Climate Plans Enforcement Initiative

Methods to Enforce Climate Plan Pledges

Pressuring Nations to Step Up, Cooperate, and Act Now

Committee on Earth Observation Satellites

Environmental Laws, Regulations, Rules... Lawsuits & Legal Actions

🌎

2022

Global Climate Summits in Paris (2015), Glasgow (2021) and Sharm El-Sheikh (2022): Now the National Promises and Pledges Made in the UN Conferences Agreements Need To Be 'Reality Checked'

• https://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/Glasgow_Climate_Summit_-_Pledges,_Promises,_Declarations_-_What%27s_Next_Up

• https://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/Climate_Plans_Enforcement_-_Resources

U.S. Re-enters Paris Climate Agreement and Re-starts International Climate Cooperation -- 2021

🌎

2021

• https://news.climate.columbia.edu/2021/02/04/u-s-rejoins-paris-agreement/

• https://blog.nationalgeographic.org/2021/02/19/the-u-s-officially-re-enters-the-paris-climate-agreement/

• https://www.npr.org/2021/02/19/969387323/u-s-officially-rejoins-paris-agreement-on-climate-change

• https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/the-paris-agreement/nationally-determined-contributions-ndcs/nationally-determined-contributions-ndcs

• https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/the-paris-agreement/the-paris-agreement

As the U.S. Abandons International Cooperation -- 2020

Mandy Gunasekara Pushes to Leave the International Climate Agreement: She is Rewarded by Returning to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency as Chief of Staff

2020 NDC Tracker - International Climate Commitments

The data, the hard facts and based on the consensus science -- Nations are aiming to limit global temperature rise to 1.5 degrees Celsius but even if all nations achieve the targets set for themselves at the 2015 Paris Agreement (nationally determined climate goals), our global temperatures are on track to rise by 2.7 degrees Celsius by the end of the century.

 

• https://www.bloomberg.com/graphics/carbon-clock/

 

 

 

○

Climate Change Performance Index

Published annually since 2005, the Climate Change Performance Index (CCPI) is an independent monitoring tool for tracking countries’ climate protection performance. It aims to enhance transparency in international climate politics and enables comparison of climate protection efforts and progress made by individual countries.

The implementation phase of the Paris Agreement enters a crucial phase in 2020, where countries are due to submit their updated Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). In light of this, the CCPI aims to inform the process of raising climate ambition. As a long-standing and reliable tool for identifying leaders and laggards in climate protection, the CCPI can be a powerful instrument to hold governments accountable for their responsibility to act on the climate crisis – and of stimulating a race to the top in climate action.

News on the #ClimateCrisis: States / Regions Plan and Act

Report via The Climate Group

On the Brink

"We are on perilous ground"

• https://news.un.org/en/story/2019/11/1052171

• https://www.unenvironment.org/resources/emissions-gap-report-2019

The annual Emissions Gap Report, which compares where greenhouse gas emissions are heading, versus where they need to be, shows that emissions need to fall by 7.6 per cent each year over the next decade, if the world is to get back on track towards the goal of limiting temperature rises to close to 1.5 degrees Celsius.

Only 2 countries are meeting their climate pledges

• https://www.pbs.org/newshour/science/only-2-countries-are-meeting-their-climate-pledges-heres-how-the-10-worst-could-improve

Update (2018):

We collectively face the effects of climate change, as it reaches beyond economies, borders, cultures, and languages. In 2017, air pollution was a cause of almost 5 million deaths worldwide while 62 million people in 2018 were affected by natural hazards, with 2 million needing to move elsewhere due to climate events. A transition to a green and low-carbon economy is not a niche nor is it a "nice to have" for the happy few. It is crucial for our own survival. -- "A Call for Action": Network of Central Banks and Supervisors for Greening the Financial System (NGFS)

Intended Nationally Determined Contributions

Climate Change Laws Around the World (2017)

Trends in Climate Change Legislation

Global Climate Agreement Tracker

http://cait.wri.org/indc/#/map

Click on the Map for the Latest Country-by-Country News

○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

Climate Change Litigation Databases: Global Action

○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

International Climate Agreement, Paris: How it came together & next steps

• https://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/Intended_Nationally_Determined_Contributions

• https://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/Climate_Change_-_Global_Warming_Keyword-Terms

December 12, 2015: Agreement Reached

Ban Ki-moon, the United Nations secretary general: the talks were the most complicated and difficult negotiations I'd ever been involved in.

“I have been attending many difficult multilateral negotiations, but by any standard, this negotiation is most complicated, most difficult, but most important for humanity.”

○

As Executive Secretary of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (@UNFCCC), Christiana Figueres brought it all together... Christiana made it go

○

As president of the climate summit, Laurent Fabius was responsible for translating 195 nations worth of desires, disputes, and compromises into a document... Laurent Fabius, Non-stop Climate Negotiator

○

The announcement of the Paris Agreement

Historic Agreement on Climate Change

The Paris Agreement

Conference of the Parties: ADOPTION OF THE PARIS AGREEMENT

Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs)

Submitted plans -- http://www4.unfccc.int/submissions/INDC/Submission%20Pages/submissions.aspx

INDC portal -- http://unfccc.int/focus/indc_portal/items/8766.php

As the Paris Conference draws to a closing vote .....

Report from Rebecca Solnit, Dec 12, 2015

More @ http://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/Climate_News

Negotiators from governments around the world continue to work to iron out their differences in draft agreement text / Dec 10

Tougher 1.5C warming ambition makes it into 'clean' text. The new text says:

Hold the increase in the global average temperature to well below 2C above pre-industrial levels and to pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5C, recognizing that this would significantly reduce risks and impacts of climate change.

Four of the most controversial issues at the Paris climate talks

Action beyond Paris, Remarks by John Kerry / Dec 9

Circulated draft agreement / Dec 8

Draft Agreement / Limited Distribution / Dec 5

On Saturday a working draft of the climate change accord was presented to working groups and the French foreign minister, Laurent Fabius, who is serving as the president of the conference...

○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

Environmental protection

Environmental movement

Rebecca Solnit: The climate conference is tens of thousands of people from civil society, government, and industry gathered in what I’ve come to think of as the End-of-the-World’s Fair, a vast, secured suburban cluster of convention buildings with exhibits, displays, meeting rooms, conferences, and cafes. The meetings are essentially editorial meetings; the editors are the 195 nations’ negotiating teams. The text is a document proposing how we manage the fate of the world. There are line-by-line fights, battles over the terms, which result in terms being placed in brackets and in brackets inside brackets.

○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

Reports from the Paris Conference

B -- http://www.bbc.com/news/live/science-environment-34922775

B -- http://www.businessgreen.com/bg/news/2436912/paris-climate-summit-day-one-live-blog

C -- http://www.carbonbrief.org/interactive-the-negotiating-alliances-at-the-paris-climate-conference --- http://www.carbonbrief.org/paris-2015-tracking-country-climate-pledges

C -- http://carbon-pulse.com/12636/

C -- https://twitter.com/ciel_tweets (Legal perspectives)

C -- http://www.climatechangenews.com/2015/11/30/cop21-live-world-leaders-pledge-climate-action/

C -- https://twitter.com/cop21 (Official)

F -- http://blogs.ft.com/the-world/liveblogs/2015-11-30/

G -- http://www.theguardian.com/environment/blog/live/2015/nov/30/paris-climate-summit-world-leaders-meet-for-opening-day-live

G -- https://twitter.com/grist

L -- http://www.latimes.com/world/europe/la-pol-ca-climate-change-talks-updates-day-3-htmlstory.html

N -- http://www.nzherald.co.nz/business/news/article.cfm?c_id=3&objectid=11556208 (Associated Press, eg, over-the-wires MSM)

N -- http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/projects/cp/climate/2015-paris-climate-talks/type/daily-highlights

http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/projects/cp/climate/2015-paris-climate-talks/leonardo-dicaprio-michael-bloomberg-climate-mayors

(NYT Q & A / Change Visualized / From the Archives / Diplomacy / Expert Takes / Overheard in Paris / Summit Scenes)

O -- http://priceofoil.org/2015/12/03/new-cop21-analysis-start-funding-climate-action-stop-funding-climate-chaos/

P -- http://www.politico.eu/article/cop21-paris-climate-summit-liveblog/

R -- http://live.reuters.com/Event/Conference_of_Parties_-_COP21

R -- https://www.reddit.com/r/COP21/ --- https://www.reddit.com/r/environment/

2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference / Links and discussion regarding COP21 in Paris in December 2015

S -- http://harpers.org/archive/2015/12/power-in-paris/ (Solnit via Harpers)

T -- http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/earth/paris-climate-change-conference/12024206/Paris-climate-change-conference-LIVE-world-leaders-meet-for-UN-talks.html

U -- http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/blog/2015/11/cop21-liveblog/

W -- http://www.wri.org/events/2015/11/cop21-live-blog-heads-state-speeches

○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

Sun Power

How far can solar energy go?

David Attenborough:

If we could catch one five-thousandth part of the energy that the Sun sprays onto the Moon, onto this globe every day, we would supply all the energy requirements of humanity. So how inefficient are we that we can't get that much?"

Attenborough is one of the public faces at the global climate summit of an initiative dubbed the Global Apollo Programme, which seeks to make renewable energy cheaper than coal within 10 years.

The goal would be achieved by convincing governments to invest US$15 billion (€14.2 billion) a year in research and development - a patch, the programme says, on the US$100 billion spent annually on defense-related R&D.

The resulting knowledge and technology should be made freely available to all. The incentive? "Only saving the world," said Attenborough.

Making renewables cheaper than energy from coal, oil and gas was the only answer, added Attenborough. "Then the nations of the world, developed or undeveloped, would choose to use that rather than carbon-derived fuel so that the coal and oil which has caused so much trouble now will stay in the ground where it's out of trouble."

Apollo Program Report

The Big Picture -- Environmental Security

"Mission Innovation/Breakthrough Energy Coalition"

http://mission-innovation.net/

http://mission-innovation.net/statement/

http://www.breakthroughenergycoalition.com/en/index.html

Via the Washington Post -- Bill Gates on climate change: 'We need to move faster than the energy sector ever has.'

"GatesNotes: On Energy and Climate Change"

The first goal of the Mission Innovation green initiative is to double the R&D (research and development) budget allocated for the renewable energy sector over the next five years.

The second goal represents a coalition of 28 leading private investors from all over the world (including here both Democrats and Republicans from the U.S.), that are committed to invest unprecedented resources needed to bring the clean technologies to the market.

* https://www.whitehouse.gov/blog/2015/11/29/announcing-mission-innovation

More on Energy Innvovation / Renewables - Energy - Batteries and Grid-Scale Storage

http://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/Energy_Storage_-_Batteries_and_Grid

○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

GreenPolicy - Background Briefings for the Paris Climate Summit

* http://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/Climate_News

* http://strategicdemands.com/thin-blue-as-the-paris-climate-summit-convenes/

* https://plus.google.com/collection/8cybJB

* http://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/Look_at_how_thin_our_atmosphere_is

* http://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/Category:ThinBlueLayer

A Brief History of Carbon Emissions So Far

The more we talk about climate change the worse CO2 gets

○

♦ NASA/JPL News: As Earth Warms, NASA Targets 'Other Half' of Carbon, Climate Equation

♦ Climate Conference - December in Paris 2015

♦ UN Framework Convention on Climate Change / UNFCCC

♦ Climate Change... Pulse of the Planet

♦ No Plan B, No Planet B

♦ https://www.pinterest.com/stratdem/environmental-security

♦ http://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/Category:Environmental_Security

♦ http://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/Category:Earth_Observations

♦ http://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/OCO-2

♦ http://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/Earth_Science_Research_from_Space

♦ http://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/Environmental_full-cost_accounting

○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

GreenPolicy360 Siterunner: (Connecting the 'dots')

December 1968 "Earthrise" led to April 1970 "Earth Day" which led the first National Climate Act in 1978 which led to the first "Earth Summit" in 1992 which began international climate conferences that brought the nations of the world the 2015 Climate Change agreement in Paris with ~200 "Intended National Climate Contributions" (National Climate Plans)

Looking back: the First Earth Summit and Climate Conference

June 1992, Rio de Janeiro

Earth Summit (First Global Climate Conference)

 

 

🌎‎

'Earthrise' (December 1968) and 'Earth Day' (April 1970)

• https://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/File:Apollo.jpg

• https://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/Category:Earth_Day

🌎‎

Beginnings of the Modern Environmental Movement

* https://www.greenpolicy360.net/mw/images/1969_beginnings_of_the_modern_environmental_movement.pdf

SJS / GreenPolicy360 Siterunner: It was a mind-changing year. Beginning with the historic 1968 "Earthrise" photo taken as Apollo 8 astronauts circled the moon in preparation for 1969's Apollo 11 and humankind's first step on the Moon...

• https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Apollo_8

Apollo 11, July 1969

🌎

Peace "Teach-ins" Inspire a First "Earth Day"Teach-In

* https://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/Category:Earth_Day

On the 50th Anniversary

Memories on the Road to the First Earth Day

By Steve Schmidt

* https://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/Earth_Day_Memories_on_the_50th_Anniversary

🌎

Green Politics 360

• https://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/Category:Green_Politics

Planet Earth Perspective

GreenPolicy360 pages for Planet Citizens to explore

• https://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/Planet_Earth_Perspective

"Thin Blue"

Our PlanetCitizen mission -- Greening Our Blue Planet

To protect & preserve Earth's thin layer of life-enabling atmosphere

 

NASA - Astronaut Reid Wiseman

* https://www.thephoblographer.com/2014/09/10/nasa-astronaut-reid-wiseman-best-space-photographer-time/

* https://greenpolicy360.net/images/Reid_Wiseman_thinbluelayer_m.jpg

* https://pbs.twimg.com/media/BuDZa8ZCEAAJzmd.jpg:large