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<H2>''EcoExploring / Land Unit Mapping / Virtual Earth''</H2>


[[File:EcoExploring Maps.png | link=http://ecoexplorer.arcgis.com/eco/maps.html]]


; <big><big>'''''New Maps of Global Ecological Land Units'''''</big></big>


'''''February 2015'''''
[http://www.planetcitizens.org <big>'''Planet Citizens, Charting & Navigating in the 21st Century'''</big>]
 
: '''Mapping, Measuring, Monitoring & Managing'''
 
 
[[File:Living Earth.png]]
 
[https://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/Planet_Citizen_Vision_of_Living_Earth Our Living Earth]
 
 
<big><big>'''[[Planet Citizen Vision of Living Earth]]'''</big></big>
 
:'''Generational Challenge, Protecting Our 'Living Earth' '''
 
&nbsp;   
 
<big>'''[[Generation Green]]''' /  '''[[Going Green]]'''</big>
 
:[http://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/Earth_Right_Now <big>'''Earth Right Now'''</big>]  /  [http://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/EarthPOV <big>'''EarthPOV'''</big>]  /  [http://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/Category:Earth_Observations <big>'''Earth Observations'''</big>]
 
&nbsp;   
 
[[File:Blue Marble photo - Apollo 17.jpg]]
 
<small>NASA</small>
 
                             
                   
<big><big>'''2024'''</big></big>
 
 
'''Virtual Mapping, country-by-country, planning to protect & preserve biodiversity'''
 
<big><big>'''Convention on Biological Diversity'''</big></big>
 
February 2024
 
 
<big>'''A CBD International Biodiversity Plan for Life on Earth</big>
 
''Biodiversity is fundamental to human well-being, a healthy planet, and economic prosperity for all people, including for living well in balance and in harmony with Mother Earth. We depend on it for food, medicine, energy, clean air and water, security from natural disasters as well as recreation and cultural inspiration, and it supports all systems of life on Earth.''
 
''An average of around 25 per cent of species in assessed animal and plant groups are threatened, suggesting that around 1 million species already face extinction, many within decades, unless action is taken to reduce the intensity of drivers of biodiversity loss. Without such action, there will be a further acceleration in the global rate of species extinction, which is already at least tens to hundreds of times higher than it has averaged over the past 10 million years.''
 
''The biosphere, upon which humanity as a whole depends, is being altered to an unparalleled degree across all spatial scales. Biodiversity – the diversity within species, between species and of ecosystems – is declining faster than at any time in human history.''
 
''Nature can be conserved, restored and used sustainably while other global societal goals are simultaneously met through urgent and concerted efforts fostering transformative change.''
 
''The direct drivers of change in nature with the largest global impact have been (starting with those with the most impact) changes in land and sea use, direct exploitation of organisms, climate change, pollution and invasion of alien species. Those five direct drivers result from an array of underlying causes, the indirect drivers of change, which are, in turn, underpinned by social values and behaviors ... The rate of change in the direct and indirect drivers differs among regions and countries...''
 
* https://chm.cbd.int/database
 
 
Choose fields to narrow search results
: Information Types
: Countries
:Country Groups
 
:* https://www.cbd.int/reports
:* https://www.cbd.int/countries/
:* https://www.cbd.int/
 
 
🌎
 
 
GreenPolicy360:
 
<big>'''Earth is in our hands'''</big>
 
Humanity needs to act to nurture, preserve & protect life on Earth
 
 
'''Planet Citizen Vision of Living Earth'''
 
* https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Planet_Citizen_Vision_of_Living_Earth
 
 
:[[File:Earth in Human Hands.jpg]]
 
* https://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/Category:Biodiversity
 
* https://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/All_Species_Day
 
 
 
<big><big>'''2023'''</big></big>
 
 
<big>'''Explore Open Geospatial Consortium'''</big>
 
* https://www.ogc.org/news/
 
 
<big>'''Explore Immersive 3D Experiences with Google Earth'''</big>
 
* https://youtu.be/Yj11hdq2jgA
 
 
<big>'''New Ways AI Is Making Maps More Immersive'''</big>
 
* https://blog.google/products/maps/google-maps-updates-io-2023/
 
 
 
🌎
 
 
 
[[File:Mapping changes in global temperature 1850-2022.png]]
 
 
<big><big>'''2022'''</big></big>
 
 
<big><big><font color=green>'''Going Green, Going NetZero'''</font></big></big>
 
'''Moving Day by Day, Year by Year toward Clean Energy'''
 
 
'''[[Planet Citizen Action]]'''
 
* https://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/Planet_Citizen_Action
 
 
'''[[Climate Problems, Climate Solutions]]'''
 
* https://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/Climate_Problems,_Climate_Solutions
 
 
: [http://www.netzeropolicy.com <big>'''NetZeroPolicy.com'''</big>]
 
 
[[File:Net Zero 1.png]]
 
 
 
🌎
 
 
<big>'''[[Environmental Studies Online]]'''</big>
 
[https://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/Category:Environmental_Security '''Strategic Demands, Environmental Security''']
 
 
🌎
 
 
[[File:Drawdown Solution Chart.png]]
 
 
<big>'''[[ProjectDrawdownCO2]]'''</big>
 
 
<big><big>'''Project Drawdown, #ClimateCrisis Solutions'''</big></big>
 
: Drawing down CO2 greenhouse gas emissions is smart green policy
 
:: Our generation of [http://www.planetcitizens.org ''' 'planet citizens' '''] must act now to make a positive difference
 
• http://www.drawdown.org/solutions/
 
• http://www.drawdown.org/solutions-summary-by-rank
 
• https://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/ProjectDrawdownCO2
 
 
 
[[File:Drawdown.jpg]]
 
 
 
······························································································   
 
 
<big>'''Map a Plan with Objectives and Intended Key Results'''</big>
 
 
[[File:Speed and Scale - Tracking.png]]
 
: [[File:Speed and Scale Action Plan.png]]
 
 
 
··································································································   
 
 
 
<big><big>'''''To Get to Net Zero, Cities Are Making Tracking Maps'''''</big></big>
 
''Ithaca, New York, has committed to fully decarbonizing by 2030. To achieve that goal, the city is creating a “digital twin” that can model energy use, building by building''
 
''Via CityLab / June 2022''
 
* https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-06-10/a-digital-map-to-net-zero-via-upstate-new-york
 
* https://www.npr.org/2021/11/06/1052472759/to-fight-climate-change-ithaca-votes-to-decarbonize-its-buildings-by-2030
 
* https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/aug/19/ithaca-new-york-raised-100m-climate-proof-buildings
 
* https://www.cityofithaca.org/642/Green-New-Deal
 
 
 
 
''In 2019, lawmakers in Ithaca, New York, resolved to eliminate or offset all carbon emissions ​​by 2030, becoming the first city in the US to set such an ambitious global-warming benchmark.''
 
''Then it launched a $100 million plan to fund a massive municipal climate-proofing effort...''
 
''When the Ithaca Green New Deal plan was launched, two architecture professors at nearby Cornell University, Felix Heisel and Timur Dogan, realized they had a tool that could help — a map created using machine learning that estimates the costs of retrofitting, and future electricity grid loads, on a building-by-building level across the city.''
 
''Dogan, who runs Cornell’s Environmental Systems Lab, had for years been developing software that allowed architects to quantify the energy consumption and carbon footprint of buildings. Heisel, who leads the Circular Construction Lab, was working to understand what carbon neutrality really means when you account for material stock and embodied carbon. The pair of academics reached out to the city and offered their technology as a way to translate Ithaca’s bold goal into action. The map will be crucial as Ithaca determines its electrification priorities and funding allocations; if successful, the technology could be expanded to help all types of cities tackle building decarbonization at scale.''
 
''“Which buildings [do you] renovate first? Which buildings consume the most energy? Which ones would be the lowest hanging fruit to renovate?” said Dogan, describing the questions he hoped his software could answer.''
 
''Existing tech can do this fairly easily — but only one building at a time. That misses a big opportunity, Dogan says. “When you’re working at these scales, there are potentially synergies. Like, if you group buildings in a certain way, or if building owners team up to share investment costs of something like geothermal boreholes.”''
 
''That’s where Dogan and Heisel’s new energy modeling map — a “digital twin” of the city — comes into play.''
 
 
<big>'''Digital 'Twinning' in Orlando, Florida'''</big>
 
'''How Cities Are Using Digital Twins Like a SimCity for Policymakers'''
 
* https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2022-04-05/digital-twins-mark-cities-first-foray-into-the-metaverse
 
''The technology could help officials cut operating costs and carbon emissions of new construction, and avoid costly modifications after a project is completed. Amid an ever-looming climate crisis facing urban areas, it could enable cities to test the effectiveness of various measures against rising sea levels and urban heat. By one estimate, digital twins could save cities some $280 billion by 2030.''
 
🌎
 
 
<big><big>'''2021: Google Earth Can Track, Map & Monitor Climate Change'''</big></big>
 
GreenPolicy360: For over 5 decades, beginning with visionary earth science from space missions in 1960s and 70s, the possibilities for tracking, measuring and monitoring [https://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/Category:Earth_System_Science '''earth's systems'''] have exponentially improved. Today, as we enter the 2020s, many new and critically essential [https://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/Earth_Science_Research_from_Space '''earth imaging, earth observation, and atmospheric science tools'''], combined with decades of data, baselines and trendlines, dynamic changes, are now usable by scientists in ways the visionaries (such as [https://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/George_E._Brown_Jr '''George Brown''']) hoped would be gathered and become scientific reality. Applications ([https://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/Planet_API '''APIs'''] in current nomenclature) have, at a crucial moment in history, become available for the nations of the world. We, at GreenPolicy360, continue our decades of work on this green, environmental and political front. Our hope is soon to launch a new project, an open-source, easily accessible database of climate-related [https://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/Category:Green_Best_Practices '''green best practices'''], a go-to hub of nationally determined plans, pledges and promises being advanced to deal with climate change. We believe, as stated since our start up, that sharing green best practices, i.e., turning ripples into waves in a physics of peace and positive change, is an effective strategy in our [https://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/The_Commons '''common era'''] when positive change is demanded. #ClimateCrisis #GreenPolicy360 #StrategicDemands
 
 
 
[[HelloEarth]]
 
[[Earth Science Research from Space]]
 
[[Look at how thin our atmosphere is]]
 
[[Planet API]]
 
[[Micro-satellites]]
 
[[@Earth360]]
 
[[The Commons]]
 
[[George E. Brown Jr]]
 
[[Planet Citizen Action]]
 
[[Planet Citizens, Planet Scientists]]
 
[[Earth Right Now]]
 
[[Earth Science Vital Signs]]
 
[[Intended Nationally Determined Contributions]]
 
[[World map]]
 
 
 
 
[[File:Timelapse in Google Earth -1.jpg]]
 
 
 
🌎
 
 
<big><big><big><big>'''[[Google Earth Timelapse]]'''</big></big></big></big>
 
* http://goo.gle/timelapse
 
* https://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/Google_Earth_Timelapse
 
 
:<big><big><big>Journey into a Timelapse</big></big></big>
 
:([https://www.bioneers.org '''Bioneer''']) Rebecca Moore,  Director, Google Earth, Earth Engine & Outreach:
 
:To explore Timelapse in Google Earth, go to [https://earth.google.com/web/@41.98486546,-87.91260108,195a,24634d,35y,0h,0t,0r/data=CjISMBIgNTQ0MGExNzMxYzI1MTFlYTk0NDM4YmI2ODk0NDUyOTciDG1haW5Ob1JhbmRvbQ g.co/Timelapse] — choose any place on the planet where you want to see time in motion.
 
 
[[File:Timelapse in Google Earth-3.jpg|link=https://earth.google.com/web/data=CiQSIhIgNTQ0MGExNzMxYzI1MTFlYTk0NDM4YmI2ODk0NDUyOTc]]
 
 
 
·······················································································
 
 
 
<big><big><big><big>'''Carbon Mapping'''</big></big></big></big>
 
:<big><big>'''Using Earth Imaging to Map, Track & Mitigate CO2 Emissions'''</big></big>
 
 
::[https://carbonmapper.org/ <big><big><u>'''Carbon Mapper'''</u></big></big>]
 
::[[File:Planet 4-15-2021 10-22-51 AM.jpg]]
 
 
&nbsp;
 
::::[[File:You can manage only what you can measure Dr David Crisp, OCO-2, June 2014 m.jpg]]
 
 
[https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/09/better-air-pollution-data-is-helping-us-all-breathe-easier-heres-how <big>'''''Measure it, Map it. Manage it. Breathe easier.''''</big>]
 
''With 92% of the global population living in areas that the World Health Organization (WHO) deems as exceeding safe air pollution levels, there is a pressing need to better understand air pollution.''
 
''As the former mayor of New York City Michael Bloomberg once said about air pollution: “If you can't measure it, you can't manage it and you can't fix it.” Recent innovation in low-cost pollution sensors has enabled a new generation of air quality monitoring that provides actionable high-resolution data at a fraction of the cost of traditional monitoring systems. We’re now able to see clearer than ever, real-time snapshots of where air pollution is coming from and traveling to, and who is most affected.''
 
 
<big><big>'''''Air Quality / Air Pollution'''''</big></big>
 
* ''https://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/Category:Air_Quality''
 
* ''https://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/Category:Air_Pollution''
 
 
:::[[File:Tzoa-air quality monitoring.jpg]]
 
 
[https://berkeleyearth.org/air-quality-real-time-map/ '''''Air Quality Real-time Map''''']
 
[https://airnow.gov/index.cfm?action=airnow.international '''''AirNow / International Air Quality''''']
 
[https://waqi.info/ '''''World Air Quality Index / World's Air Pollution: Real-time Air Quality Index''''']
 
 
[https://aqli.epic.uchicago.edu/pollution-facts/ <big>'''''Air Quality Life Index (AQLI)</big>''''']
 
''Particulate air pollution is the single greatest threat to human health globally.''
 
* ''https://aqli.epic.uchicago.edu/the-index/''
 
 
 
[[File:Google Earth banner.png]]
 
 
<big><big>'''Earth Mapping Developments & Updates'''</big></big>
 
 
'''One of GreenPolicy360's favorite [http://www.planetcitizens.org "planet citizens"], [http://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/File:Rebecca_Google_Outreach.jpg Rebecca Moore of Google Earth / Earth Outreach]'''
 
<small>''“The story of your family history, the story of your favorite hiking trip – it could be anything. It doesn’t have to be profound,” Google Earth Director Rebecca Moore.''</small>
 
* https://thenextweb.com/google/2017/07/13/google-earth-will-soon-let-anyone-share-stories-and-photos-on-virtual-globe/
 
 
''Google Earth is opening up this functionality... teaming up with primatologist Jane Goodall to tell stories of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yanomami Yanomami people][https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinta_Larga Cinta Larga] and the [https://pt.wikiversity.org/wiki/Wikinativa/Boa_Vista_do_It%C3%A1 Boa Vista Quilombola]. Utilizing maps for story-telling is just the beginning of the story, of how we can begin to see our world/planet, and the journeys and changes we make, over time. Our new virtual tools are just beginning to come into view...''
 
 
* GreenPolicy Siterunner: Going back a number of years to [https://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/George_E._Brown_Jr George E. Brown], a Congressman from East LA for decades and a mentor to GreenPolicy360's siterunner, we look at one of the projects that George Brown worked to pioneer (and save from termination during cutbacks of the Ronald Reagan presidency.) The economic/ecological/scientific benefits of LANDSAT, for over fifty years now in operation, are immense. Google Earth's move to establish "Timelapse" maps is another in a profound number of extensions and uses to which the earth science of LANDSAT is being employed to benefit environmental security.
 
 
[https://earthengine.google.com/timelapse/?fbclid=IwAR3pjbj_f_-Z8ZVVboOnm_1Yn8KiP0uC4u3gmFVKYJsjt4oBacgl6NBIIGw '''''Google Earth Engine / Time Lapse''''']
 
 
''Timelapse is a global, zoomable video that lets you see how the Earth has changed over the past 32 years. It is made from 33 cloud-free annual mosaics, one for each year from 1984 to 2016, which are made interactively explorable by [https://cmucreatelab.org/ Carnegie Mellon University CREATE Lab's Time Machine library], a technology for creating and viewing zoomable and pannable timelapses over space and time.''
 
''Using Earth Engine, Google Earth Timelapse combined over 5 million satellite images acquired over the past three decades by 5 different satellites. The majority of the images come from [https://landsat.gsfc.nasa.gov/ Landsat], a joint USGS/NASA Earth observation program that has observed the Earth since the 1970s. For 2015 and 2016, we combined Landsat 8 imagery with imagery from Sentinel-2A, part of the European Commission and European Space Agency's [http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Observing_the_Earth/Copernicus/Sentinel-2 Copernicus Earth observation program].''
 
''Search, pan, or zoom around to begin exploring the new Earth Engine Timelapse, or check out Google Earth's [https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLWw80tqUZ5J_T8EKLKEWYd_NcFPiq9zTN YouTube highlights]. To embed the timelapse viewer on your site, use the “Share or embed” button above. You can also create a Timelapse tour that moves from one destination to another over time using the [http://timemachine.cmucreatelab.org/wiki/EarthEngineTourEditor Timelapse Tour Editor].''
 
''Timelapse is an example that illustrates the power of Earth Engine’s cloud-computing model, which enables users such as scientists, researchers, and journalists to detect changes, map trends, and quantify differences on the Earth's surface using Google’s computational infrastructure and the multi-petabyte Earth Engine [https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/datasets/ data catalog].''
 
 
'''''Data sources'''''
 
* ''NASA Landsat Program, Landsat 4 (1984-1993), Landsat 5 TM (1984-2012), Landsat 7 ETM+ (1999-2013), Landsat 8 OLI (2013-2016), courtesy of the U.S. Geological Survey, Sioux Falls.''
   
* ''Copernicus Sentinel Program, Sentinel 2A MSI Level 1C, European Union/ESA/Copernicus, 2015-2016.''
   
* ''MOD09GA MODIS/Terra Surface Reflectance Daily L2G. NASA EOSDIS Land Processes DAAC, 2000-2016.''
   
* ''MCD43A4 MODIS Terra+Aqua Nadir BRDF-Adjusted Reflectance 16-Day L3. NASA EOSDIS Land Processes DAAC, 2000-2016.''
 
* ''ETOPO1 1 Arc-Minute Global Relief Model. National Geophysical Data Center, NOAA.''
   
* ''Land Water Mask Derived from MODIS and SRTM L3. Version 5. NASA EOSDIS Land Processes DAAC.''
   
* ''Hansen Global Forest Change v1.2 (2000-2014).''
 
 
··············································
 
 
 
<big><big>'''''Restoring Ecosystems'''''</big></big>
 
• [https://bioneers.org/how-mapping-technology-can-help-us-tell-stories-and-protect-ecosystems-ztvz1901/ ''Via the Bioneers / How Mapping Technology Can Help Us Tell Stories and Protect Ecosystems'']
 
 
''[https://www.google.com/earth/outreach/ '''Google Earth Outreach'''] founder and visionary engineer [https://www.greenpolicy360.net/mw/index.php?title=Special%3ASearch&profile=default&search=rebecca+moore&fulltext=Search '''Rebecca Moore'''] says the signs are all around us, telling us that our life-support systems are in critical condition. Only recently has it become possible to monitor the health of Earth’s life-sustaining resources in a manner both globally consistent and locally relevant. Moore is showing how satellite data, cutting-edge science and powerful cloud computing technology such as Google Earth Engine allow us to achieve an unprecedented understanding of our changing environment and put this data into the hands of those who can take action. Combined with Google Earth’s new narrative storytelling tool, grassroots activists, communities and other environmental change-makers can now vividly show what’s at stake, and envision solutions in ways that can change hearts and minds, while guiding wiser decision-making to protect and restore our vast, fragile planet....''
 
 
'''''Rebecca, a long-time [http://www.bioneers.com 'Bioneer'], explains Google Earth mapping technology at the 2018 Bioneers Conference.'''''
 
• https://bioneers.org/rebecca-moore-google-earth-and-using-big-data-to-map-solutions/
 
 
'''''Rebecca Moore:''''' ''We’re going to talk about Earth’s vital signs. Think about it: When you go to the doctor, you can get your heart function measured, your lungs, your brain. You can get all kinds of tests done. But what about the planet? What about the Amazon that produces the oxygen that we breathe, or all the river systems of the world that are like its bloodstream? Where can we all go and know how healthy those critical systems of our Earth are? Historically, the answer has been basically nowhere. But if there’s ever been a moment to harness technology in service of planetary health, this is it...''
 
 
[https://bioneers.org/rebecca-moore-google-earth-and-using-big-data-to-map-solutions/ '''Watch Rebecca's full-video Bioneers presentation''']
 
 
 
········································································
 
 
 
<big>'''Earth Sciences / EcoExploring / EcoMapping'''</big>
 
 
[[File:Virtual Earth cover.png]]
 
 
 
[https://theodi.org/article/how-are-facebook-apple-and-microsoft-contributing-to-openstreetmap/ <big>'''''How Facebook, Apple and Microsoft are contributing to an openly licensed map of the world'''''</big>]
 
''Collaborating in the open to build an openly licensed map of the world: [https://www.openstreetmap.org/#map=5/38.007/-95.844 OpenStreetMap]''
 
 
''August 2018''
 
 
''OpenStreetMap, launched in 2004, has grown into one of the most successful collaboratively maintained open datasets in the world. Today, contributors to the maps include not just keen local mappers, but also a diverse mix of commercial organisations, non-governmental organisations, humanitarian organisations and also large commercial organisations.
 
''The Microsoft Open Maps team has recently released open data on building footprints in the US. Microsoft was among the first to release satellite imagery for use by OpenStreetMap and the images are now integrated into the default editor. It also has a community of mappers directly contributing to OpenStreetMap in Australia.
   
''Apple has an internal volunteer programme that has around 5,000 staff contributing to Missing Maps, they’ve released building data for France and Denmark, and are engaged with data improvement projects around the world.
   
''Facebook is exploring how artificial intelligence-assisted tracing can help to improve the quality of OpenStreetMap data in Thailand.
   
''DigitalGlobe has made its satellite imagery available under a licence that will allow it to be used by the OpenStreetMap community to improve their mapping efforts.
   
''Telenav launched OpenStreetCam to help collect openly-licensed street imagery and has now released open data and code to explore how machine learning can enable the images to be used to improve OpenStreetMap with stop signs and turn directions.
 
 
'''''More at [https://2018.stateofthemap.org/ StateoftheMap]'''''
 
 
 
·····································
 
 
* [http://bit.ly/1qiNmKu '''''Where are you on our Blue Planet? Interactive Map from the POV of the ISS''''']
 
 
<big>'''Why Mapping, why [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_information_system GIS]?'''</big>
 
The many fields of earth and environmental science are open to new ways of seeing, discovering and applying solutions using the latest digital, information technology.
 
Across the globe and in each local community, new IT capabilities are employing terrestrial data collections techniques and 'eyes in the sky' to deliver data into mapping platform and applications. We are using software platforms and tools to analyze our world and planet's systems in ways never before available.
 
Across most every industry, our new digital skills touch how we live and how we sustain our environment and improve the quality of our lives.
 
 
* ''https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/unlikely-history-origins-modern-maps-180951617/''
 
* ''https://web.mst.edu/~rogersda/gis/History%20of%20GIS.pdf (Environmental / Slide Presentation)''
 
 
* [https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/heo/scan/communications/policy/GPS_History.html ''History of GPS'']
 
* ''[https://www.aiaa.org/uploadedFiles/About_AIAA/Press_Room/Videos/IAF-60th-Anniv-GPS-Nomination.pdf ''60th Anniversary of GPS'']
 
* ''https://www.pcworld.com/article/2000276/a-brief-history-of-gps.html''
 
 
:''https://www.rand.org/pubs/monograph_reports/MR614.html''
 
:''"The purpose of this Global Positioning Satellite (GPS) study was to assist the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy and the members of the National Science and Technology Council."''
 
:''(See the background on creation of the White House Office and Technology Council)''
 
 
* https://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/George_E._Brown_Jr
 
 
[[File:Landsat 50th anniv Sept 2016.jpg]]
 
 
 
In Memory of [https://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/George_E._Brown_Jr Congressman George E. Brown] from East Los Angeles for his vision and work to launch the Landsat program. Rep. Brown, as a leader on the US House Committee on Science, Space and Technology, was a key supporter of the Landsat program and its 'open' satellite imagery, science and data that sparked industries and new ways of seeing and applying science to real-world mapping and rising environmental, eco-nomic challenges.
 
 
:* https://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/Landsat_data_users_handbook
 
:* https://landsat.gsfc.nasa.gov/nasa-usgs-begin-work-on-landsat-9-to-continue-land-imaging-legacy/
 
 
 
----
 
 
 
<big>'''Let's Look at Geographic Information Systems (GIS)'''</big>
 
 
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ArcGIS '''Wikiview @ArcGIS''']
 
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esri '''@ESRI''']
 
 
'''Consider the fields of:'''
 
*Agriculture
*Climate, Weather, and the Atmosphere
*Conservation and Resources
*Environmental Management
*Forestry
*Mining and Safety
*Oceans and Fisheries
*Sustainable Development
*Water Resources
 
and many more opportunities in almost every field.
 
 
The opportunities to change what has been 'business-as-usual' to 'business-with-vision' are multiplying. Traditional economics is becoming an [https://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/Category:Eco-nomics '''eco-nomics'''] in the process of our new knowledge base and new ways of monitoring and observing change over time.
 
Take a look at just one 'case study' of how you can 'change the world' by using these new earth mapping tools.
 
Let's us introduce a friend of ours, a [https://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/Bioneers '''Bioneer'''], Rebecca Moore.
 
 
[[File:Rebecca Google Outreach.jpg]]
 
 
<h3 id="story-heading" class="story-heading">'''GreenPolicy360 highlights Rebecca Moore'''</h3>
 
 
'''Rebecca envisioned setting up [http://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/File:G_Earth_Outreach.jpg '''Google Outreach'''] -- and she did.'''
 
'''Then Rebecca convinced Google to 'grow' her venture -- and they did...'''
 
 
'''Here are two history-making ventures that act to change economics of the past to an eco-nomics future.'''
 
'''The Global Fishing Watch''' and '''Global Forest Watch''', as envisioned and realized, act to enable us, as [http://www.planetcitizen.org '''planet citizens'''] and [https://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/Planet_Citizens,_Planet_Scientists '''planet citizens, planet scientists'''] to improve our world and work toward sustainable economies and resilient, sustainable life systems.
 
<u><big>'''''[[Global Fishing Watch]]'''''</big></u>
 
 
[[File:Global Fishing Watch 2.jpg | link=http://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/Global_Fishing_Watch]]
 
 
 
<u><big>'''''[[Global Forest Watch]]'''''</big></u>
 
 
[http://www.greenpolicy360.net/mw/images/G_Earth_Outreach.jpg '''''Google Outreach continues its impact''''']
 
 
[[Image:GFW1a.jpeg | link=http://www.greenpolicy360.net/mw/images/Global_Forest_Watch_top_page_2014.png]]
 
 
<big>'''''Share Your Data'''''</big>
 
[https://GlobalForestWatch.org '''''Global Forest Watch in Action''''']
 
[https://www.wri.org/our-work/project/global-forest-watch '''''Forest Watch & World Resources Institute''''']
 
 
[https://google-latlong.blogspot.com/2014/02/monitoring-worlds-forests-with-global.html '''''Monitoring the World's Forests''''']
 
 
 
'''Start with where you are... just as Rebecca did, in her home community, her local [http://www.mountainresource.org/#about forest grove]... '''
 
 
----
 
 
[http://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/File:G_Earth_Outreach.jpg <big> '''''Google Earth Outreach Is Out in Front'''''</big>]
 
 
----
 
 
 
<big><big>'''''Out in Front: A Green Best Practice Concept and Google Earth is Again Reaching Out with New Best Practices'''</big></big>
 
 
 
<big>'''''Air Quality Mapping: Environmental Monitoring for Health and Safety'''''</big>
 
 
* https://www.blog.google/products/maps/lets-clear-air-mapping-our-environment-our-health/
 
::https://www.cbsnews.com/news/google-tracks-air-pollution-when-mapping-streets/
 
::https://www.nbcbayarea.com/news/local/Google-Now-Mapping-Air-Quality-Starting-With-Oakland-426609701.html
 
::https://techcrunch.com/2017/06/05/google-maps-can-tell-you-how-bad-the-pollution-is-in-oakland-block-by-block/
 
::https://apte.caee.utexas.edu/google-air-mapping/
 
::https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-4599902/Google-Street-View-maps-air-pollution-help-commuters.html
 
 
○
 
 
* https://www.edf.org/airqualitymaps
 
 
''The '''Environmental Defense Fund''' and [https://www.greenpolicy360.net/mw/index.php?title=Special%3ASearch&profile=default&search=google+outreach&fulltext=Search Google Earth Outreach] convened a mobile measurement team to assess air pollution at a level of detail that was nearly impossible before.''
 
''Seeing pollution mapped this way makes us better advocates for cleaner air and smart development choices.''
 
--- Cassandra Ely, Project lead at EDF
 
 
https://d1taatozpbffx3.cloudfront.net/cdn/farfuture/2L_lEuFVKslH2ppXZu6SzwEMit9iaNeEmlJ-o7M2KxU/mtime:1496248306/sites/default/files/west-oakland-sensor-insights-bc-data.jpg
 
 
 
○
 
 
* https://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/Category:Air_Pollution
 
 
* https://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/Category:Air_Quality
 
 
 
○
 
 
=<big>''Venture On with Best Green Ideas''</big>=
 
 
:<big><big>'''''Going Green'''''</big></big> [[File:Best Practices check sm.png]]
 
:<big><u>'''''[[PlanetCitizen]]'''''</u></big>
 
 
:''SJS / GreenPolicy360 Siterunner:''
 
::''Going green begins with a decision, a decision to go where you want to go, a step at a time at first, choosing to create waves, waves that ripple out to create more waves...''
 
::''Being green is to be a [http://www.planetcitizens.org '''planet citizen'''].''
 
 
<font color=green>○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○</font> <font color=blue>○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○</font> <font color=green>○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○</font>
 
 
 
[[File:EO Snapshot 6-29-2016 10-44-49 AM.png]]
 
 
 
<big><big>'''''Where Am I?'''''</big></big>
 
:[https://www.theverge.com/2016/2/25/11112594/google-new-deep-learning-image-location-planet '''''PlaNet: Google Mapping Program w/ Artificial Intelligence, a New 'MapIt' Era''''']
 
:[https://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2500061,00.asp '''''Google PlaNet Can Look at a Photo, Tell You Where it Was Taken''''']
 
 
:https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Landscape_of_a_winding_gravel_road_on_the_picturesque_mountain_plateau.jpg/800px-Landscape_of_a_winding_gravel_road_on_the_picturesque_mountain_plateau.jpg
 
 
<big>'''''AI Facebook Mapping, Citizen Mapping, United Nations Mapping'''''</big>
 
:[https://code.facebook.com/posts/1676452492623525/co '''''Connecting the World with Better Maps''''']
 
:''Facebook’s artificial-intelligence software... capable of mapping more in a week than humanity has mapped in history''
 
 
○
 
[https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn23808-citizen-cartographers-fill-the-gaps-in-maps/ ''The OpenStreetMap project'']
 
○
 
[https://ggim.un.org/projects.html ''The UNMap Project'']
 
[https://www.iscgm.org/ ''Global Map Site'']
 
 
::[[File:UN Mapping the World.png]]
 
 
<big><font color=blue>○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○</font></big>
 


''http://ecoexplorer.arcgis.com/eco/maps.html
; <big><big>'''''New Maps of Global Ecological Land Units'''''</big></big>


''http://www.aag.org/global_ecosystems''
''*https://ecoexplorer.arcgis.com/eco/maps.html


''http://www.aag.org/galleries/default-file/AAG_Global_Ecosyst_bklt300.pdf''
''*https://www.aag.org/global_ecosystems''


''http://www.esri.com/esri-news/releases/14-4qtr/the-most-detailed-ecological-land-units-map-in-the-world''
''*https://www.aag.org/galleries/default-file/AAG_Global_Ecosyst_bklt300.pdf''


''http://blogs.esri.com/esri/esri-insider/2014/12/09/the-first-detailed-ecological-land-unitsmap-in-the-world/''
''*https://www.esri.com/esri-news/releases/14-4qtr/the-most-detailed-ecological-land-units-map-in-the-world''


''http://story.maps.arcgis.com/apps/MapJournal/index.html?appid=dc91db9f6409462b887ebb1695b9c201&webmap=dd6f7f93d54341a69a47002696cf5744''
''*https://blogs.esri.com/esri/esri-insider/2014/12/09/the-first-detailed-ecological-land-unitsmap-in-the-world/''


''http://www.wired.com/2015/02/new-map-shows-worlds-ecosystems-unprecedented-detail/''
''*https://www.wired.com/2015/02/new-map-shows-worlds-ecosystems-unprecedented-detail/''


''The '''Global Ecological Land Unit''' maps are the most detailed look ever at Earth’s ecosystems. Basically, it partitions the planet into squares 50 meters on a side—roughly the size of a couple of football fields. An ecosystem looks at lithology (that’s rocks and dirt), climate, topography, and land cover—from pristine forest to pavement. Each square on the map combines those categories of data, and every pixel can be described in a single sentence—say, warm, wet hills on volcanic rocks with mostly evergreen forests. Underneath: reams of reference. A world’s worth of data.''
''The '''Global Ecological Land Unit''' maps are the most detailed look ever at Earth’s ecosystems. Basically, it partitions the planet into squares 50 meters on a side—roughly the size of a couple of football fields. An ecosystem looks at lithology (that’s rocks and dirt), climate, topography, and land cover—from pristine forest to pavement. Each square on the map combines those categories of data, and every pixel can be described in a single sentence—say, warm, wet hills on volcanic rocks with mostly evergreen forests. Underneath: reams of reference. A world’s worth of data.''
Line 27: Line 722:
''And what’s good for research is good for conservation...''
''And what’s good for research is good for conservation...''


○ ○ ○ ○


[[File:LivingEarth.png | link=http://www.livingearthapp.com/]]
<big><font color=blue>○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○</font></big>


[[File:Terra Time.png | link=http://terratime.net/]]


[[File:Google Earth Hello.png | link=http://www.google.com/earth/]]
<big><big>'''''River Basins & Watersheds'''''</big></big>


[[File:River basins - watersheds.jpg]]


○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
 
<big>'''''Ecoregions'''''</big>
 
* http://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/Category:Ecoregions
 
 
 
<big><font color=blue>○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○</font></big>
 
 
; <big><big>'''''APPS'''''</big></big>


'''''Smartphone Apps/Browser add-ons/extensions'''''
'''''Smartphone Apps/Browser add-ons/extensions'''''


* [http://www.livingearthapp.com '''''LivingEarth''''']
* [http://terratime.net/ '''''TerraTime''''']
* [http://www.meteoearth.com/blog/en/ '''''MeteoEarth ''''']


○ ○ ○ ○
* [https://www.livingearthapp.com '''''LivingEarth''''']
* [https://terratime.net/ '''''TerraTime''''']
* [https://www.meteoearth.com/blog/en/ '''''MeteoEarth ''''']


'''''Google Earth Pro is now available to download free/February 2015''''' - ''http://google-latlong.blogspot.com/2015/01/google-earth-pro-is-now-free.html''
 
[[File:LivingEarth2.png | link=http://www.livingearthapp.com/]]
 
 
 
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
 
 
 
[[File:Google Maps from Space July212017-800x500.png]]
 
 
<big>'''Google Maps from Space'''</big>
 
 
'''International Space Station Viewing'''
 
https://www.google.com/streetview/#international-space-station/cupola-observational-module
 
https://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/File:Google_Maps_from_Space_July212017-800x500.png
 
 
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
 
 
; <big><big>''Google Maps''</big></big>
 
<big>[https://www.google.com/streetview/  '''''Street Views'''''], [http://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/Google_Earth '''''Voyaging on Google Earth'''''] ''&'' [https://earthview.withgoogle.com/ '''''Earth View''''']</big>
 
and, of course, the mapping beginnings roll-out ...
 
: '''''https://www.google.com/maps'''''
 
 
<big>'''''Street View Art & Travel'''''</big>
 
 
[[File:Travelling via Google Street View beyond agoraphobia.png]]
 
 
 
<big><font color=blue>○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○</font></big>
 
 
 
[[File:Google Earth invite-just in time for Earth Day.jpg]]
 
 
'''''Google Earth Updates, a project with no end in sight''''' 
 
[https://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/File:Google_Earth_invite-just_in_time_for_Earth_Day.jpg Earth Day - 2017]'''''
 
 
For the past two years, Google has been working on a new version of one of its most popular tools: Google Earth.
 
'''Ready for the new Google Earth "just in time for Earth Day" '''
 
 
* https://www.google.com/earth/
 
Earth "Voyager" video - https://youtu.be/O-XidwKsKAE
 
 
''The guided tours, which Google calls “Voyager,” aren’t just some hacked together algorithmic mess, they’re led by scientists and documentarians. At launch there are 50 tours available of places like Gombe National Park, a variety of North America’s National Parks, or a tour of Frank Gehry’s buildings. Google also teams up with BBC and Planet Earth, so you can zoom in on different locations from the show and learn more.'' (Thorin Klosowski)
 
 
* https://techcrunch.com/2017/04/18/google-earth-for-chrome-android-gets-upgraded-with-guided-tours-more-discovery-features/
 
* https://www.cnet.com/news/forgot-about-google-earth-google-aims-to-jog-your-memory/
 
* https://www.cnbc.com/2017/04/18/new-google-earth-features.html
 
* https://www.theverge.com/2017/4/18/15337646/google-earth-redesign-update-guided-tours
 
* https://www.engadget.com/2017/04/18/google-earth-feeds-your-wanderlust-with-voyager-stories/
 
* https://techcrunch.com/2017/04/18/google-earth-for-chrome-android-gets-upgraded-with-guided-tours-more-discovery-features/
 
 
 
''Google Earth’s “I’m Feeling Lucky” button isn’t totally random. Instead Google has curated a database of 20,000 different places around the world that are worth exploring... a new feature is a 3D button that lets you view a place from any angle. And NASA is working with Google Earth.'' (Sarah Perez)
 
 
 
<big><big>'''''Google Earth VR'''''</big></big>
 
'''''Google Earth VR - Virtual Reality'''''
 
* https://youtu.be/SCrkZOx5Q1M
 
''Google Earth‘s VR variant launches new feature that allows search for any place where you want to go, in addition to receiving support for Oculus and its Touch Controllers.''
 
''The new search function, when activated, prompts a VR keyboard that you can manipulate with your respective headset’s controllers. Once you’ve found a destination, you’ll be able to warp there instantly. With Google Earth VR now having full Oculus support, the same version that’s on Steam for HTC Vive users will now work with the Oculus Rift headset, and the app is also available in the Oculus store.''
 
 
''In 2016 Google launches a VR version of its Google Earth software for the HTC Vive ...''
 
* https://vr.google.com/earth/
 
* https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-anwaxEVO4E
 
* https://uploadvr.com/google-earth-vr-free/
 
 
[[File:Google Earth VR-1.png]]
 
 
[[File:Google Earth VR-2.jpg]]
 
 
 
○
 
 
 
[[File:Google Earth Hello2.png | link=http://www.google.com/earth/]]
 
 
 
'''''Google Earth Pro is now available to download free/February 2015''''' - ''https://google-latlong.blogspot.com/2015/01/google-earth-pro-is-now-free.html''


''Google Earth'' '''''http://www.google.com/earth/'''''
''Google Earth'' '''''http://www.google.com/earth/'''''
; <big><big>''Google Earth Outreach''</big></big>
[[File:Google Earth Outreach 2.jpg | link=http://www.google.com/earth/outreach/tutorials/screenoverlays.html]]
[http://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/File:G_Earth_Outreach.jpg '''''Earth Outreach''''']
''https://www.google.com/earth/outreach/tutorials/mapper_temp.html''
''https://www.google.com/earth/outreach/tutorials/spreadsheet.html''
''https://www.google.com/earth/outreach/tutorials/spreadsheet3.html''
''https://www.google.com/earth/outreach/tutorials/mapseng_lite.html''
<big><font color=blue>○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○</font></big>
; <big><big>'''''Microsoft Bing / Virtual Earth'''''</big></big>
''Bing Maps Platform (previously Microsoft Virtual Earth)'' - '''''https://www.microsoft.com/maps/'''''
: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bing_Maps_Platform


§
§


''Bing Maps Platform (previously Microsoft Virtual Earth)'' '''''http://www.microsoft.com/maps/'''''
 
;'''''Mapquest (US)''''' - '''''https://www.mapquest.com/'''''
 


§
§


''FlashEarth'' '''''http://www.flashearth.com/'''''


''World Atlas'' (iOS) '''''https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/atlas-by-collins/id560461884'''''
; <big><big>'''''NASA Maps'''''</big></big>


§
''Web-enabled LandSat Data'' '''''https://weld.cr.usgs.gov/'''''


''NASA World Wind'' '''''http://worldwind.arc.nasa.gov/java/''''' -- '''''http://worldwind.arc.nasa.gov/java/'''''  
''NASA World Wind'' '''''https://worldwind.arc.nasa.gov/java/''''' -- '''''http://worldwind.arc.nasa.gov/java/'''''  


''"World Wind lets you zoom from satellite altitude into any place on Earth. Leveraging Landsat satellite imagery and Radar Topography data, World Wind lets you experience Earth terrain in visually rich 3D..."
''"World Wind lets you zoom from satellite altitude into any place on Earth. Leveraging Landsat satellite imagery and Radar Topography data, World Wind lets you experience Earth terrain in visually rich 3D..."


§
''NASA Earth Observatory Global Maps'' '''''https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/GlobalMaps/?eocn=topnav&eoci=globalmaps'''''
 
 
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
 
 
<big><big>'''''More Maps & Apps Online'''''</big></big>
 
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_globe '''''Virtual Globe - via Wikipedia''''']
 
 
[[File:ArcGIS-logo.png]]
 
 
* [https://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/File:ArcGIS-logo.png '''ArcGIS: Mapping & Analytics Platform''']
 
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bing_Maps Bing Maps] and Bing Maps 3D.
 
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhuvan Bhuvan] is an India-specific virtual globe.
 
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CitySurf_Globe CitySurf Globe], fast adaptation and transfer secured data due to special data storage structure, dynamic spatial data editing on 3D client monitor, data stored in Oracle SDO or PostGIS, flexible authorization models for different user groups (LDAP and Active Directory support) also excellent quality and fast 2D map rendering.
 
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth3D Earth3D], a program that visualizes the Earth in a real-time 3D view. It uses data from NASA, USGS, the CIA and the city of Osnabrück. Earth3D is free software (GPL).
 
* [http://www.earthbrowser.com/ EarthBrowser], an Adobe Flash/AIR-based virtual globe with real-time weather forecasts, earthquakes, volcanoes, and webcams.
 
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GeoServer GeoServer]
 
*Google Earth, satellite & aerial photos/datasets (including commercial DigitalGlobe images) with international road dataset (first popular virtual globe along with NASA World Wind).
 
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MapGuide_Open_Source MapGuide Open Source]
 
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MapJack MapJack] covers areas in Canada, France, Latvia, Macau, Malaysia, Puerto Rico, Singapore, Sweden, Thailand, and the United States.
 
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MapServer MapServer]
 
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marble_(software) Marble], part of the KDE, with data provided by OpenStreetMap, as well as NASA Blue Marble: Next Generation and others. Marble is Free and open-source software (LGPL).
 
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA_World_Wind NASA World Wind], USGS topographic maps and several satellite and aerial image datasets, the first popular virtual globe along with Google Earth. World Wind is open-source software (NOSA).
 
* [https://go.nearmap.com/solutions-overview Nearmap]
 
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenWebGlobe OpenWebGlobe], a virtual globe SDK written in JavaScript using WebGL. OpenWebGlobe is free and open-source software (MIT).
 
* [https://www.planet.com/ Planet] - https://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/Planet_Labs_Doves_Fly
 
* [https://qgis.org/en/site/about/index.html_Open_Source QGIS], desktop GIS system.
 
 
 
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_geographic_information_systems_software '''List of geographic information systems software / Via Wikipedia''']
 
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_globe ''''Virtual Globe' software information / Via Wikipedia''']
 
 
'''Consider (from Wikipedia) how data can be collected for mapping, for GIS, for applications and platforms:'''
 
''Example of hardware for mapping (GPS and laser rangefinder) and data collection (rugged computer). The current trend for geographical information system (GIS) is that accurate mapping and data analysis are completed while in the field. Depicted hardware (field-map technology) is used mainly for forest inventories, monitoring and mapping.
 
Data capture—entering information into the system—consumes much of the time of GIS practitioners. There are a variety of methods used to enter data into a GIS where it is stored in a digital format.''
 
''Existing data printed on paper or PET film maps can be digitized or scanned to produce digital data. A digitizer produces vector data as an operator traces points, lines, and polygon boundaries from a map. Scanning a map results in raster data that could be further processed to produce vector data.''
 
''Survey data can be directly entered into a GIS from digital data collection systems on survey instruments using a technique called coordinate geometry (COGO). Positions from a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) like Global Positioning System can also be collected and then imported into a GIS. A current trend in data collection gives users the ability to utilize field computers with the ability to edit live data using wireless connections or disconnected editing sessions. This has been enhanced by the availability of low-cost mapping-grade GPS units with decimeter accuracy in real time. This eliminates the need to post process, import, and update the data in the office after fieldwork has been collected. This includes the ability to incorporate positions collected using a laser rangefinder. New technologies also allow users to create maps as well as analysis directly in the field, making projects more efficient and mapping more accurate.''
 
''Remotely sensed data also plays an important role in data collection and consist of sensors attached to a platform. Sensors include cameras, digital scanners and lidar, while platforms usually consist of aircraft and satellites. In England in the mid 1990s, hybrid kite/balloons called Helikites first pioneered the use of compact airborne digital cameras as airborne Geo-Information Systems. Aircraft measurement software, accurate to 0.4 mm was used to link the photographs and measure the ground. Helikites are inexpensive and gather more accurate data than aircraft. Helikites can be used over roads, railways and towns where UAVs are banned.
 
Recently with the development of miniature UAVs, aerial data collection is becoming possible with them. For example, the Aeryon Scout was used to map a 50-acre area with a Ground sample distance of 1 inch (2.54 cm) in only 12 minutes.''
 
''The majority of digital data currently comes from photo interpretation of aerial photographs. Soft-copy workstations are used to digitize features directly from stereo pairs of digital photographs. These systems allow data to be captured in two and three dimensions, with elevations measured directly from a stereo pair using principles of photogrammetry. Analog aerial photos must be scanned before being entered into a soft-copy system, for high-quality digital cameras this step is skipped.''
 
'''''Satellite remote sensing provides another important source of spatial data'''''. ''Here satellites use different sensor packages to passively measure the reflectance from parts of the electromagnetic spectrum or radio waves that were sent out from an active sensor such as radar. Remote sensing collects raster data that can be further processed using different bands to identify objects and classes of interest, such as land cover.''
 
When data is captured, the user should consider if the data should be captured with either a relative accuracy or absolute accuracy, since this could not only influence how information will be interpreted but also the cost of data capture.''
 
''After entering data into a GIS, the data usually requires editing, to remove errors, or further processing. For vector data it must be made "topologically correct" before it can be used for some advanced analysis. For example, in a road network, lines must connect with nodes at an intersection. Errors such as undershoots and overshoots must also be removed. For scanned maps, blemishes on the source map may need to be removed from the resulting raster. For example, a fleck of dirt might connect two lines that should not be connected.''
 
 
 
○
 
 
 
[[File:Earth satellites in 3D.jpg]]
 
 
 
[[File:The A-Train.jpg]]
 
 
 
<big>'''More Mapping References'''</big>
 
 
'''Monitoring Earth and Delivering Data Sets from Space'''
 
 
<big>'''[[Earth Science Research from Space]]'''</big>
 
* https://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/Earth_Science_Research_from_Space
 
 
[[File:Over the Nile and Red Sea-2018.jpg]]
 
 
:[[File:Landsat 9 Launches - 1.jpg]]
 
 
:: <small>September 27, 2021</small>
 
:[[File:Landsat 9 Launches - 2.jpg]]
 
 
 
<big><big>'''Measuring & Monitoring Earth from Space'''</big></big>
 
: [https://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/File:You_can_manage_only_what_you_can_measure_Dr_David_Crisp,_OCO-2,_June_2014_m.jpg '''Measure to Manage / NASA Earth Science''']
 
&nbsp;
 
::::[[File:Earth System Observatory-1.jpg]]
 
 
::::[[File:Earth System Observatory-2.jpg]]
 
 
 
* https://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/OCO-2
 
* https://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/Micro-satellites
 
* https://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/Earth_Imaging-New_Space
 
* https://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/Planet_Labs_Doves_Fly
 
* https://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/Planet_API
 
* https://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/Democratization_of_Space
 
* https://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/Landsat_data_users_handbook
 
* https://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/Earth_Science_Vital_Signs
 
* https://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/Global_Fishing_Watch
 
* https://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/Global_Forest_Watch
 
 
<big>'''''Join In ! Be a Planet Citizen, Planet Scientist'''''</big>
 
* https://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/Planet_Citizens,_Planet_Scientists
 
 
<font color=green>○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○</font> <font color=blue>○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○</font>
 
 
<big>'''''More Maps to Guide You'''''</big>
 
 
[https://www.flashearth.com/ '''''FlashEarth''''']
 
[https://us.nearmap.com/ '''''U.S. Nearmap Aerial Imagery''''']
 
[https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/atlas-by-collins/id560461884 ''''''World Atlas (iOS)''''']
 
[https://www.lizard-labs.com/ultimate_maps_downloader.aspx '''''Ultimate Maps Downloader''''']
 
[https://www.mapsopensource.com/ '''''Maps Open Source''''']
 
[https://www.openstreetmap.org/ '''''Open Street Map''''']
 
○
 
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_information_system '''''GIS''''']
 
○
 
[https://www.topografix.com '''''ExpertGPS''''']
 
[https://www.bluemarblegeo.com/products/global-mapper.php '''''Global Mapper''''']
 
[https://www.trackmaker.com '''''GPS TrackMaker''''']
 
[https://www.topoquest.com/ '''''TopoQuest - US/Canada''''']
 
 
○
 
 
'''Most popular mapping apps in the US as of April 2018, by monthly users'''
 
:Google Maps (154 Million)
:Waze (25.6 M)
:Apple Maps (23.3 M)
:Mapquest (20.9 M)
:Google Earth (5.2 M)
:Yahoo! Maps (2.8 M)
 
 
 
[[File:World Map - Mercator projection v Google maps.jpg]]
 
 
 
<big>'''More Maps with Perspective'''''</big>
 
[https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/12/7-maps-that-will-change-how-you-see-the-world '''Change the Way You Look at Our World''']
 
 
 
[[File:Human population map interactive.png]]
 
 
 
 
: '''''Authagraph - “The AuthaGraph World Map provides an advanced precise perspective of our planet.”'''''
 
: ''https://www.authagraph.com/top/?lang=en''
 
 
https://www.authagraph.com/data/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/AG_top.gif
 
 
 
: '''''TheTrueSize.com - Not a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercator_projection "Mercator Projection"]'''''
 
:: ''https://youtu.be/zFhTu0aQMHE''
 
::: ''How Do You See Africa?'' -- https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2015/12/this-map-will-change-how-you-see-africa
 
:::: ''How Do You See the World?'' -- https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/02/the-map-that-will-change-how-you-see-the-world/
 
 
○
 
 
[http://npmaps.com/ <big>'''US National Parks Maps: A Personal Project'''</big>].
 
''Begun in 2013 by Colorado park ranger Matt Holly, the site currently (as of 2017) hosts “1,198 free high-resolution national park maps to view, save, and download.”''
 
 
:[[File:National-park-map 800x565.jpg|link=http://npmaps.com/]]
 
 
○
 
 
<big>'''Carto'''</big>
 
:https://carto.com/
:https://carto.com/press/
 
::https://carto.com/solutions/earth-observation-and-space/
::https://carto.com/solutions/natural-resources/
 
 
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ 
 
 
; <big><big>''Earth Biosphere Mapping''</big></big>
 
[[File:Global Biodiversity GBIF.org.png | link=https://www.gbif.org/]]
 
 
 
<font color=green>○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○</font> <font color=blue>○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○</font>
 
 
 
[[File:NASAEarth 437x246.jpg]]
 
 
<big>'''Index Mundi'''</big> -- https://www.indexmundi.com/factbook/countries
 
○
 
United Nations / National sites -- Environmental Data -- https://unstats.un.org/unsd/environment/clinks.htm
 
○
 
World Bank/Country Data -- https://data.worldbank.org/country
 
○
 
Environmental Performance Index (EPI) -- https://epi.yale.edu/reports/2016-report
 
○
 
Environmental Law -- https://www.globalenvironmentallaw.org/Site/COUNTRY_PROFILES.html
 
○
 
OECD (see Environmental Data) -- https://stats.oecd.org/index.aspx
 
 
[[File:OECD Global Data.png|link=https://stats.oecd.org/index.aspx]]
 
○
 
[[File:Aquifers globalstudy 2015.png]]


''NASA Earth Observatory Global Maps'' '''''http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/GlobalMaps/?eocn=topnav&eoci=globalmaps'''''


○ ○ ○ ○
[[File:Aquifers June2015 past the tipping point.png]]


[http://www.lizard-labs.com/ultimate_maps_downloader.aspx '''''Ultimate Maps Downloader''''']
''https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/wonkblog/wp/2015/06/16/new-nasa-studies-show-how-the-world-is-running-out-of-water/''


○ ○ ○ ○
''https://mashable.com/2015/06/16/groundwater-aquifers-depleted/''


[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_information_system '''''GIS'''''] / [http://www.topografix.com '''''ExpertGPS'''''] / [http://www.bluemarblegeo.com/products/global-mapper.php '''''Global Mapper'''''] / [http://www.trackmaker.com '''''GPS TrackMaker''''']
''https://touch.latimes.com/#section/-1/article/p2p-83799955/''


○ ○ ○ ○
''https://www.nzherald.co.nz/world/news/article.cfm?c_id=2&objectid=11466534''


[http://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/File:G_Earth_Outreach.jpg '''''Google Earth Outreach''''']


http://www.google.com/earth/outreach/tutorials/mapper_temp.html
○


http://www.google.com/earth/outreach/tutorials/spreadsheet.html


http://www.google.com/earth/outreach/tutorials/spreadsheet3.html
[[File:Earth Science Vital Signs, Pulse of the Planet Climate Essentials.png|link=https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/Gallery/ClimateEssentials.html]]


http://www.google.com/earth/outreach/tutorials/mapseng_lite.html


[[File:Landsat band imagery2.png|link=https://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/Landsat_data_users_handbook]]


[[File:Global Biodiversity GBIF.org.png]]






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Latest revision as of 08:09, 31 July 2024


Planet Citizens, Charting & Navigating in the 21st Century

Mapping, Measuring, Monitoring & Managing


Living Earth.png

Our Living Earth


Planet Citizen Vision of Living Earth

Generational Challenge, Protecting Our 'Living Earth'

 

Generation Green / Going Green

Earth Right Now / EarthPOV / Earth Observations

 

Blue Marble photo - Apollo 17.jpg

NASA


2024


Virtual Mapping, country-by-country, planning to protect & preserve biodiversity

Convention on Biological Diversity

February 2024


A CBD International Biodiversity Plan for Life on Earth

Biodiversity is fundamental to human well-being, a healthy planet, and economic prosperity for all people, including for living well in balance and in harmony with Mother Earth. We depend on it for food, medicine, energy, clean air and water, security from natural disasters as well as recreation and cultural inspiration, and it supports all systems of life on Earth.

An average of around 25 per cent of species in assessed animal and plant groups are threatened, suggesting that around 1 million species already face extinction, many within decades, unless action is taken to reduce the intensity of drivers of biodiversity loss. Without such action, there will be a further acceleration in the global rate of species extinction, which is already at least tens to hundreds of times higher than it has averaged over the past 10 million years.

The biosphere, upon which humanity as a whole depends, is being altered to an unparalleled degree across all spatial scales. Biodiversity – the diversity within species, between species and of ecosystems – is declining faster than at any time in human history.

Nature can be conserved, restored and used sustainably while other global societal goals are simultaneously met through urgent and concerted efforts fostering transformative change.

The direct drivers of change in nature with the largest global impact have been (starting with those with the most impact) changes in land and sea use, direct exploitation of organisms, climate change, pollution and invasion of alien species. Those five direct drivers result from an array of underlying causes, the indirect drivers of change, which are, in turn, underpinned by social values and behaviors ... The rate of change in the direct and indirect drivers differs among regions and countries...


Choose fields to narrow search results

Information Types
Countries
Country Groups


🌎


GreenPolicy360:

Earth is in our hands

Humanity needs to act to nurture, preserve & protect life on Earth


Planet Citizen Vision of Living Earth


Earth in Human Hands.jpg


2023


Explore Open Geospatial Consortium


Explore Immersive 3D Experiences with Google Earth


New Ways AI Is Making Maps More Immersive


🌎


Mapping changes in global temperature 1850-2022.png


2022


Going Green, Going NetZero

Moving Day by Day, Year by Year toward Clean Energy


Planet Citizen Action


Climate Problems, Climate Solutions


NetZeroPolicy.com


Net Zero 1.png


🌎


Environmental Studies Online

Strategic Demands, Environmental Security


🌎


Drawdown Solution Chart.png


ProjectDrawdownCO2


Project Drawdown, #ClimateCrisis Solutions

Drawing down CO2 greenhouse gas emissions is smart green policy
Our generation of 'planet citizens' must act now to make a positive difference

• http://www.drawdown.org/solutions/

• http://www.drawdown.org/solutions-summary-by-rank

• https://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/ProjectDrawdownCO2


Drawdown.jpg


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Map a Plan with Objectives and Intended Key Results


Speed and Scale - Tracking.png

Speed and Scale Action Plan.png


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To Get to Net Zero, Cities Are Making Tracking Maps

Ithaca, New York, has committed to fully decarbonizing by 2030. To achieve that goal, the city is creating a “digital twin” that can model energy use, building by building

Via CityLab / June 2022



In 2019, lawmakers in Ithaca, New York, resolved to eliminate or offset all carbon emissions ​​by 2030, becoming the first city in the US to set such an ambitious global-warming benchmark.

Then it launched a $100 million plan to fund a massive municipal climate-proofing effort...

When the Ithaca Green New Deal plan was launched, two architecture professors at nearby Cornell University, Felix Heisel and Timur Dogan, realized they had a tool that could help — a map created using machine learning that estimates the costs of retrofitting, and future electricity grid loads, on a building-by-building level across the city.

Dogan, who runs Cornell’s Environmental Systems Lab, had for years been developing software that allowed architects to quantify the energy consumption and carbon footprint of buildings. Heisel, who leads the Circular Construction Lab, was working to understand what carbon neutrality really means when you account for material stock and embodied carbon. The pair of academics reached out to the city and offered their technology as a way to translate Ithaca’s bold goal into action. The map will be crucial as Ithaca determines its electrification priorities and funding allocations; if successful, the technology could be expanded to help all types of cities tackle building decarbonization at scale.

“Which buildings [do you] renovate first? Which buildings consume the most energy? Which ones would be the lowest hanging fruit to renovate?” said Dogan, describing the questions he hoped his software could answer.

Existing tech can do this fairly easily — but only one building at a time. That misses a big opportunity, Dogan says. “When you’re working at these scales, there are potentially synergies. Like, if you group buildings in a certain way, or if building owners team up to share investment costs of something like geothermal boreholes.”

That’s where Dogan and Heisel’s new energy modeling map — a “digital twin” of the city — comes into play.


Digital 'Twinning' in Orlando, Florida

How Cities Are Using Digital Twins Like a SimCity for Policymakers

The technology could help officials cut operating costs and carbon emissions of new construction, and avoid costly modifications after a project is completed. Amid an ever-looming climate crisis facing urban areas, it could enable cities to test the effectiveness of various measures against rising sea levels and urban heat. By one estimate, digital twins could save cities some $280 billion by 2030.


🌎


2021: Google Earth Can Track, Map & Monitor Climate Change

GreenPolicy360: For over 5 decades, beginning with visionary earth science from space missions in 1960s and 70s, the possibilities for tracking, measuring and monitoring earth's systems have exponentially improved. Today, as we enter the 2020s, many new and critically essential earth imaging, earth observation, and atmospheric science tools, combined with decades of data, baselines and trendlines, dynamic changes, are now usable by scientists in ways the visionaries (such as George Brown) hoped would be gathered and become scientific reality. Applications (APIs in current nomenclature) have, at a crucial moment in history, become available for the nations of the world. We, at GreenPolicy360, continue our decades of work on this green, environmental and political front. Our hope is soon to launch a new project, an open-source, easily accessible database of climate-related green best practices, a go-to hub of nationally determined plans, pledges and promises being advanced to deal with climate change. We believe, as stated since our start up, that sharing green best practices, i.e., turning ripples into waves in a physics of peace and positive change, is an effective strategy in our common era when positive change is demanded. #ClimateCrisis #GreenPolicy360 #StrategicDemands


HelloEarth

Earth Science Research from Space

Look at how thin our atmosphere is

Planet API

Micro-satellites

@Earth360

The Commons

George E. Brown Jr

Planet Citizen Action

Planet Citizens, Planet Scientists

Earth Right Now

Earth Science Vital Signs

Intended Nationally Determined Contributions

World map



Timelapse in Google Earth -1.jpg


🌎


Google Earth Timelapse


Journey into a Timelapse
(Bioneer) Rebecca Moore, Director, Google Earth, Earth Engine & Outreach:
To explore Timelapse in Google Earth, go to g.co/Timelapse — choose any place on the planet where you want to see time in motion.


Timelapse in Google Earth-3.jpg


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Carbon Mapping

Using Earth Imaging to Map, Track & Mitigate CO2 Emissions


Carbon Mapper
Planet 4-15-2021 10-22-51 AM.jpg


 

You can manage only what you can measure Dr David Crisp, OCO-2, June 2014 m.jpg


Measure it, Map it. Manage it. Breathe easier.'

With 92% of the global population living in areas that the World Health Organization (WHO) deems as exceeding safe air pollution levels, there is a pressing need to better understand air pollution.

As the former mayor of New York City Michael Bloomberg once said about air pollution: “If you can't measure it, you can't manage it and you can't fix it.” Recent innovation in low-cost pollution sensors has enabled a new generation of air quality monitoring that provides actionable high-resolution data at a fraction of the cost of traditional monitoring systems. We’re now able to see clearer than ever, real-time snapshots of where air pollution is coming from and traveling to, and who is most affected.


Air Quality / Air Pollution


Tzoa-air quality monitoring.jpg


Air Quality Real-time Map

AirNow / International Air Quality

World Air Quality Index / World's Air Pollution: Real-time Air Quality Index


Air Quality Life Index (AQLI)

Particulate air pollution is the single greatest threat to human health globally.


Google Earth banner.png


Earth Mapping Developments & Updates


One of GreenPolicy360's favorite "planet citizens", Rebecca Moore of Google Earth / Earth Outreach

“The story of your family history, the story of your favorite hiking trip – it could be anything. It doesn’t have to be profound,” Google Earth Director Rebecca Moore.


Google Earth is opening up this functionality... teaming up with primatologist Jane Goodall to tell stories of the Yanomami peopleCinta Larga and the Boa Vista Quilombola. Utilizing maps for story-telling is just the beginning of the story, of how we can begin to see our world/planet, and the journeys and changes we make, over time. Our new virtual tools are just beginning to come into view...


  • GreenPolicy Siterunner: Going back a number of years to George E. Brown, a Congressman from East LA for decades and a mentor to GreenPolicy360's siterunner, we look at one of the projects that George Brown worked to pioneer (and save from termination during cutbacks of the Ronald Reagan presidency.) The economic/ecological/scientific benefits of LANDSAT, for over fifty years now in operation, are immense. Google Earth's move to establish "Timelapse" maps is another in a profound number of extensions and uses to which the earth science of LANDSAT is being employed to benefit environmental security.


Google Earth Engine / Time Lapse


Timelapse is a global, zoomable video that lets you see how the Earth has changed over the past 32 years. It is made from 33 cloud-free annual mosaics, one for each year from 1984 to 2016, which are made interactively explorable by Carnegie Mellon University CREATE Lab's Time Machine library, a technology for creating and viewing zoomable and pannable timelapses over space and time.

Using Earth Engine, Google Earth Timelapse combined over 5 million satellite images acquired over the past three decades by 5 different satellites. The majority of the images come from Landsat, a joint USGS/NASA Earth observation program that has observed the Earth since the 1970s. For 2015 and 2016, we combined Landsat 8 imagery with imagery from Sentinel-2A, part of the European Commission and European Space Agency's Copernicus Earth observation program.

Search, pan, or zoom around to begin exploring the new Earth Engine Timelapse, or check out Google Earth's YouTube highlights. To embed the timelapse viewer on your site, use the “Share or embed” button above. You can also create a Timelapse tour that moves from one destination to another over time using the Timelapse Tour Editor.

Timelapse is an example that illustrates the power of Earth Engine’s cloud-computing model, which enables users such as scientists, researchers, and journalists to detect changes, map trends, and quantify differences on the Earth's surface using Google’s computational infrastructure and the multi-petabyte Earth Engine data catalog.


Data sources

  • NASA Landsat Program, Landsat 4 (1984-1993), Landsat 5 TM (1984-2012), Landsat 7 ETM+ (1999-2013), Landsat 8 OLI (2013-2016), courtesy of the U.S. Geological Survey, Sioux Falls.
  • Copernicus Sentinel Program, Sentinel 2A MSI Level 1C, European Union/ESA/Copernicus, 2015-2016.
  • MOD09GA MODIS/Terra Surface Reflectance Daily L2G. NASA EOSDIS Land Processes DAAC, 2000-2016.
  • MCD43A4 MODIS Terra+Aqua Nadir BRDF-Adjusted Reflectance 16-Day L3. NASA EOSDIS Land Processes DAAC, 2000-2016.
  • ETOPO1 1 Arc-Minute Global Relief Model. National Geophysical Data Center, NOAA.
  • Land Water Mask Derived from MODIS and SRTM L3. Version 5. NASA EOSDIS Land Processes DAAC.
  • Hansen Global Forest Change v1.2 (2000-2014).


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Restoring Ecosystems

• Via the Bioneers / How Mapping Technology Can Help Us Tell Stories and Protect Ecosystems


Google Earth Outreach founder and visionary engineer Rebecca Moore says the signs are all around us, telling us that our life-support systems are in critical condition. Only recently has it become possible to monitor the health of Earth’s life-sustaining resources in a manner both globally consistent and locally relevant. Moore is showing how satellite data, cutting-edge science and powerful cloud computing technology such as Google Earth Engine allow us to achieve an unprecedented understanding of our changing environment and put this data into the hands of those who can take action. Combined with Google Earth’s new narrative storytelling tool, grassroots activists, communities and other environmental change-makers can now vividly show what’s at stake, and envision solutions in ways that can change hearts and minds, while guiding wiser decision-making to protect and restore our vast, fragile planet....


Rebecca, a long-time 'Bioneer', explains Google Earth mapping technology at the 2018 Bioneers Conference.

• https://bioneers.org/rebecca-moore-google-earth-and-using-big-data-to-map-solutions/


Rebecca Moore: We’re going to talk about Earth’s vital signs. Think about it: When you go to the doctor, you can get your heart function measured, your lungs, your brain. You can get all kinds of tests done. But what about the planet? What about the Amazon that produces the oxygen that we breathe, or all the river systems of the world that are like its bloodstream? Where can we all go and know how healthy those critical systems of our Earth are? Historically, the answer has been basically nowhere. But if there’s ever been a moment to harness technology in service of planetary health, this is it...


Watch Rebecca's full-video Bioneers presentation


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Earth Sciences / EcoExploring / EcoMapping


Virtual Earth cover.png


How Facebook, Apple and Microsoft are contributing to an openly licensed map of the world

Collaborating in the open to build an openly licensed map of the world: OpenStreetMap


August 2018


OpenStreetMap, launched in 2004, has grown into one of the most successful collaboratively maintained open datasets in the world. Today, contributors to the maps include not just keen local mappers, but also a diverse mix of commercial organisations, non-governmental organisations, humanitarian organisations and also large commercial organisations.

The Microsoft Open Maps team has recently released open data on building footprints in the US. Microsoft was among the first to release satellite imagery for use by OpenStreetMap and the images are now integrated into the default editor. It also has a community of mappers directly contributing to OpenStreetMap in Australia.

Apple has an internal volunteer programme that has around 5,000 staff contributing to Missing Maps, they’ve released building data for France and Denmark, and are engaged with data improvement projects around the world.

Facebook is exploring how artificial intelligence-assisted tracing can help to improve the quality of OpenStreetMap data in Thailand.

DigitalGlobe has made its satellite imagery available under a licence that will allow it to be used by the OpenStreetMap community to improve their mapping efforts.

Telenav launched OpenStreetCam to help collect openly-licensed street imagery and has now released open data and code to explore how machine learning can enable the images to be used to improve OpenStreetMap with stop signs and turn directions.


More at StateoftheMap


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Why Mapping, why GIS?

The many fields of earth and environmental science are open to new ways of seeing, discovering and applying solutions using the latest digital, information technology.

Across the globe and in each local community, new IT capabilities are employing terrestrial data collections techniques and 'eyes in the sky' to deliver data into mapping platform and applications. We are using software platforms and tools to analyze our world and planet's systems in ways never before available.

Across most every industry, our new digital skills touch how we live and how we sustain our environment and improve the quality of our lives.




https://www.rand.org/pubs/monograph_reports/MR614.html
"The purpose of this Global Positioning Satellite (GPS) study was to assist the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy and the members of the National Science and Technology Council."
(See the background on creation of the White House Office and Technology Council)



Landsat 50th anniv Sept 2016.jpg


In Memory of Congressman George E. Brown from East Los Angeles for his vision and work to launch the Landsat program. Rep. Brown, as a leader on the US House Committee on Science, Space and Technology, was a key supporter of the Landsat program and its 'open' satellite imagery, science and data that sparked industries and new ways of seeing and applying science to real-world mapping and rising environmental, eco-nomic challenges.




Let's Look at Geographic Information Systems (GIS)


Wikiview @ArcGIS

@ESRI


Consider the fields of:

  • Agriculture
  • Climate, Weather, and the Atmosphere
  • Conservation and Resources
  • Environmental Management
  • Forestry
  • Mining and Safety
  • Oceans and Fisheries
  • Sustainable Development
  • Water Resources

and many more opportunities in almost every field.


The opportunities to change what has been 'business-as-usual' to 'business-with-vision' are multiplying. Traditional economics is becoming an eco-nomics in the process of our new knowledge base and new ways of monitoring and observing change over time.

Take a look at just one 'case study' of how you can 'change the world' by using these new earth mapping tools.

Let's us introduce a friend of ours, a Bioneer, Rebecca Moore.


Rebecca Google Outreach.jpg


GreenPolicy360 highlights Rebecca Moore


Rebecca envisioned setting up Google Outreach -- and she did.

Then Rebecca convinced Google to 'grow' her venture -- and they did...


Here are two history-making ventures that act to change economics of the past to an eco-nomics future.

The Global Fishing Watch and Global Forest Watch, as envisioned and realized, act to enable us, as planet citizens and planet citizens, planet scientists to improve our world and work toward sustainable economies and resilient, sustainable life systems.


Global Fishing Watch


Global Fishing Watch 2.jpg


Global Forest Watch


Google Outreach continues its impact


GFW1a.jpeg


Share Your Data

Global Forest Watch in Action

Forest Watch & World Resources Institute


Monitoring the World's Forests


Start with where you are... just as Rebecca did, in her home community, her local forest grove...



Google Earth Outreach Is Out in Front



Out in Front: A Green Best Practice Concept and Google Earth is Again Reaching Out with New Best Practices


Air Quality Mapping: Environmental Monitoring for Health and Safety


https://www.cbsnews.com/news/google-tracks-air-pollution-when-mapping-streets/
https://www.nbcbayarea.com/news/local/Google-Now-Mapping-Air-Quality-Starting-With-Oakland-426609701.html
https://techcrunch.com/2017/06/05/google-maps-can-tell-you-how-bad-the-pollution-is-in-oakland-block-by-block/
https://apte.caee.utexas.edu/google-air-mapping/
https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-4599902/Google-Street-View-maps-air-pollution-help-commuters.html


○



The Environmental Defense Fund and Google Earth Outreach convened a mobile measurement team to assess air pollution at a level of detail that was nearly impossible before.

Seeing pollution mapped this way makes us better advocates for cleaner air and smart development choices.

--- Cassandra Ely, Project lead at EDF


https://d1taatozpbffx3.cloudfront.net/cdn/farfuture/2L_lEuFVKslH2ppXZu6SzwEMit9iaNeEmlJ-o7M2KxU/mtime:1496248306/sites/default/files/west-oakland-sensor-insights-bc-data.jpg


○




○


Venture On with Best Green Ideas

Going Green Best Practices check sm.png
PlanetCitizen


SJS / GreenPolicy360 Siterunner:
Going green begins with a decision, a decision to go where you want to go, a step at a time at first, choosing to create waves, waves that ripple out to create more waves...
Being green is to be a planet citizen.


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EO Snapshot 6-29-2016 10-44-49 AM.png


Where Am I?

PlaNet: Google Mapping Program w/ Artificial Intelligence, a New 'MapIt' Era
Google PlaNet Can Look at a Photo, Tell You Where it Was Taken


https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Landscape_of_a_winding_gravel_road_on_the_picturesque_mountain_plateau.jpg/800px-Landscape_of_a_winding_gravel_road_on_the_picturesque_mountain_plateau.jpg


AI Facebook Mapping, Citizen Mapping, United Nations Mapping

Connecting the World with Better Maps
Facebook’s artificial-intelligence software... capable of mapping more in a week than humanity has mapped in history


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The OpenStreetMap project

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The UNMap Project

Global Map Site


UN Mapping the World.png


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New Maps of Global Ecological Land Units

*https://ecoexplorer.arcgis.com/eco/maps.html

*https://www.aag.org/global_ecosystems

*https://www.aag.org/galleries/default-file/AAG_Global_Ecosyst_bklt300.pdf

*https://www.esri.com/esri-news/releases/14-4qtr/the-most-detailed-ecological-land-units-map-in-the-world

*https://blogs.esri.com/esri/esri-insider/2014/12/09/the-first-detailed-ecological-land-unitsmap-in-the-world/

*https://www.wired.com/2015/02/new-map-shows-worlds-ecosystems-unprecedented-detail/

The Global Ecological Land Unit maps are the most detailed look ever at Earth’s ecosystems. Basically, it partitions the planet into squares 50 meters on a side—roughly the size of a couple of football fields. An ecosystem looks at lithology (that’s rocks and dirt), climate, topography, and land cover—from pristine forest to pavement. Each square on the map combines those categories of data, and every pixel can be described in a single sentence—say, warm, wet hills on volcanic rocks with mostly evergreen forests. Underneath: reams of reference. A world’s worth of data.

The US Geological Survey pulled that information from a wide swath of sources—soil surveys, digital elevation models, satellites, weather stations. But the agency didn’t have the computing power to chew it into meaningful maps. So, they partnered with ESRI, the titanic digital mapping company, which marshaled an army of geographers, analysts, and cartographers to knit everything together. Ecologists have always relied on maps made by experts based on their on-the-ground research. They were good, but subjective. Data is better. “It’s a huge confidence boost to the scientists that we are on the right track to understanding things in a comparable way,” says Charlie Frye, ESRI’s chief cartographer. After sharing it with veteran ecologists, Frye says they responded by telling him that this map showed them what they already knew, but at scales they’d never seen before.

And what’s good for research is good for conservation...


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River Basins & Watersheds

River basins - watersheds.jpg


Ecoregions


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APPS

Smartphone Apps/Browser add-ons/extensions



LivingEarth2.png


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Google Maps from Space July212017-800x500.png


Google Maps from Space


International Space Station Viewing

https://www.google.com/streetview/#international-space-station/cupola-observational-module

https://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/File:Google_Maps_from_Space_July212017-800x500.png


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Google Maps

Street Views, Voyaging on Google Earth & Earth View

and, of course, the mapping beginnings roll-out ...

https://www.google.com/maps


Street View Art & Travel


Travelling via Google Street View beyond agoraphobia.png


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Google Earth invite-just in time for Earth Day.jpg


Google Earth Updates, a project with no end in sight

Earth Day - 2017


For the past two years, Google has been working on a new version of one of its most popular tools: Google Earth.

Ready for the new Google Earth "just in time for Earth Day"


Earth "Voyager" video - https://youtu.be/O-XidwKsKAE


The guided tours, which Google calls “Voyager,” aren’t just some hacked together algorithmic mess, they’re led by scientists and documentarians. At launch there are 50 tours available of places like Gombe National Park, a variety of North America’s National Parks, or a tour of Frank Gehry’s buildings. Google also teams up with BBC and Planet Earth, so you can zoom in on different locations from the show and learn more. (Thorin Klosowski)



Google Earth’s “I’m Feeling Lucky” button isn’t totally random. Instead Google has curated a database of 20,000 different places around the world that are worth exploring... a new feature is a 3D button that lets you view a place from any angle. And NASA is working with Google Earth. (Sarah Perez)


Google Earth VR

Google Earth VR - Virtual Reality

Google Earth‘s VR variant launches new feature that allows search for any place where you want to go, in addition to receiving support for Oculus and its Touch Controllers.

The new search function, when activated, prompts a VR keyboard that you can manipulate with your respective headset’s controllers. Once you’ve found a destination, you’ll be able to warp there instantly. With Google Earth VR now having full Oculus support, the same version that’s on Steam for HTC Vive users will now work with the Oculus Rift headset, and the app is also available in the Oculus store.


In 2016 Google launches a VR version of its Google Earth software for the HTC Vive ...


Google Earth VR-1.png


Google Earth VR-2.jpg


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Google Earth Hello2.png


Google Earth Pro is now available to download free/February 2015 - https://google-latlong.blogspot.com/2015/01/google-earth-pro-is-now-free.html

Google Earth http://www.google.com/earth/


Google Earth Outreach

Google Earth Outreach 2.jpg


Earth Outreach

https://www.google.com/earth/outreach/tutorials/mapper_temp.html

https://www.google.com/earth/outreach/tutorials/spreadsheet.html

https://www.google.com/earth/outreach/tutorials/spreadsheet3.html

https://www.google.com/earth/outreach/tutorials/mapseng_lite.html


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Microsoft Bing / Virtual Earth

Bing Maps Platform (previously Microsoft Virtual Earth) - https://www.microsoft.com/maps/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bing_Maps_Platform


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Mapquest (US) - https://www.mapquest.com/


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NASA Maps

Web-enabled LandSat Data https://weld.cr.usgs.gov/

NASA World Wind https://worldwind.arc.nasa.gov/java/ -- http://worldwind.arc.nasa.gov/java/

"World Wind lets you zoom from satellite altitude into any place on Earth. Leveraging Landsat satellite imagery and Radar Topography data, World Wind lets you experience Earth terrain in visually rich 3D..."

NASA Earth Observatory Global Maps https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/GlobalMaps/?eocn=topnav&eoci=globalmaps


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More Maps & Apps Online

Virtual Globe - via Wikipedia


ArcGIS-logo.png


  • Bhuvan is an India-specific virtual globe.
  • CitySurf Globe, fast adaptation and transfer secured data due to special data storage structure, dynamic spatial data editing on 3D client monitor, data stored in Oracle SDO or PostGIS, flexible authorization models for different user groups (LDAP and Active Directory support) also excellent quality and fast 2D map rendering.
  • Earth3D, a program that visualizes the Earth in a real-time 3D view. It uses data from NASA, USGS, the CIA and the city of Osnabrück. Earth3D is free software (GPL).
  • EarthBrowser, an Adobe Flash/AIR-based virtual globe with real-time weather forecasts, earthquakes, volcanoes, and webcams.
  • Google Earth, satellite & aerial photos/datasets (including commercial DigitalGlobe images) with international road dataset (first popular virtual globe along with NASA World Wind).
  • MapJack covers areas in Canada, France, Latvia, Macau, Malaysia, Puerto Rico, Singapore, Sweden, Thailand, and the United States.
  • Marble, part of the KDE, with data provided by OpenStreetMap, as well as NASA Blue Marble: Next Generation and others. Marble is Free and open-source software (LGPL).
  • NASA World Wind, USGS topographic maps and several satellite and aerial image datasets, the first popular virtual globe along with Google Earth. World Wind is open-source software (NOSA).
  • OpenWebGlobe, a virtual globe SDK written in JavaScript using WebGL. OpenWebGlobe is free and open-source software (MIT).
  • QGIS, desktop GIS system.


List of geographic information systems software / Via Wikipedia

'Virtual Globe' software information / Via Wikipedia


Consider (from Wikipedia) how data can be collected for mapping, for GIS, for applications and platforms:

Example of hardware for mapping (GPS and laser rangefinder) and data collection (rugged computer). The current trend for geographical information system (GIS) is that accurate mapping and data analysis are completed while in the field. Depicted hardware (field-map technology) is used mainly for forest inventories, monitoring and mapping.

Data capture—entering information into the system—consumes much of the time of GIS practitioners. There are a variety of methods used to enter data into a GIS where it is stored in a digital format.

Existing data printed on paper or PET film maps can be digitized or scanned to produce digital data. A digitizer produces vector data as an operator traces points, lines, and polygon boundaries from a map. Scanning a map results in raster data that could be further processed to produce vector data.

Survey data can be directly entered into a GIS from digital data collection systems on survey instruments using a technique called coordinate geometry (COGO). Positions from a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) like Global Positioning System can also be collected and then imported into a GIS. A current trend in data collection gives users the ability to utilize field computers with the ability to edit live data using wireless connections or disconnected editing sessions. This has been enhanced by the availability of low-cost mapping-grade GPS units with decimeter accuracy in real time. This eliminates the need to post process, import, and update the data in the office after fieldwork has been collected. This includes the ability to incorporate positions collected using a laser rangefinder. New technologies also allow users to create maps as well as analysis directly in the field, making projects more efficient and mapping more accurate.

Remotely sensed data also plays an important role in data collection and consist of sensors attached to a platform. Sensors include cameras, digital scanners and lidar, while platforms usually consist of aircraft and satellites. In England in the mid 1990s, hybrid kite/balloons called Helikites first pioneered the use of compact airborne digital cameras as airborne Geo-Information Systems. Aircraft measurement software, accurate to 0.4 mm was used to link the photographs and measure the ground. Helikites are inexpensive and gather more accurate data than aircraft. Helikites can be used over roads, railways and towns where UAVs are banned.

Recently with the development of miniature UAVs, aerial data collection is becoming possible with them. For example, the Aeryon Scout was used to map a 50-acre area with a Ground sample distance of 1 inch (2.54 cm) in only 12 minutes.

The majority of digital data currently comes from photo interpretation of aerial photographs. Soft-copy workstations are used to digitize features directly from stereo pairs of digital photographs. These systems allow data to be captured in two and three dimensions, with elevations measured directly from a stereo pair using principles of photogrammetry. Analog aerial photos must be scanned before being entered into a soft-copy system, for high-quality digital cameras this step is skipped.

Satellite remote sensing provides another important source of spatial data. Here satellites use different sensor packages to passively measure the reflectance from parts of the electromagnetic spectrum or radio waves that were sent out from an active sensor such as radar. Remote sensing collects raster data that can be further processed using different bands to identify objects and classes of interest, such as land cover.

When data is captured, the user should consider if the data should be captured with either a relative accuracy or absolute accuracy, since this could not only influence how information will be interpreted but also the cost of data capture.

After entering data into a GIS, the data usually requires editing, to remove errors, or further processing. For vector data it must be made "topologically correct" before it can be used for some advanced analysis. For example, in a road network, lines must connect with nodes at an intersection. Errors such as undershoots and overshoots must also be removed. For scanned maps, blemishes on the source map may need to be removed from the resulting raster. For example, a fleck of dirt might connect two lines that should not be connected.


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Earth satellites in 3D.jpg


The A-Train.jpg


More Mapping References


Monitoring Earth and Delivering Data Sets from Space


Earth Science Research from Space


Over the Nile and Red Sea-2018.jpg


Landsat 9 Launches - 1.jpg


September 27, 2021
Landsat 9 Launches - 2.jpg


Measuring & Monitoring Earth from Space

Measure to Manage / NASA Earth Science

 

Earth System Observatory-1.jpg


Earth System Observatory-2.jpg



Join In ! Be a Planet Citizen, Planet Scientist


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More Maps to Guide You


FlashEarth

U.S. Nearmap Aerial Imagery

'World Atlas (iOS)

Ultimate Maps Downloader

Maps Open Source

Open Street Map

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GIS

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ExpertGPS

Global Mapper

GPS TrackMaker

TopoQuest - US/Canada


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Most popular mapping apps in the US as of April 2018, by monthly users

Google Maps (154 Million)
Waze (25.6 M)
Apple Maps (23.3 M)
Mapquest (20.9 M)
Google Earth (5.2 M)
Yahoo! Maps (2.8 M)


World Map - Mercator projection v Google maps.jpg


More Maps with Perspective

Change the Way You Look at Our World


Human population map interactive.png



Authagraph - “The AuthaGraph World Map provides an advanced precise perspective of our planet.”
https://www.authagraph.com/top/?lang=en


https://www.authagraph.com/data/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/AG_top.gif


TheTrueSize.com - Not a "Mercator Projection"
https://youtu.be/zFhTu0aQMHE
How Do You See Africa? -- https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2015/12/this-map-will-change-how-you-see-africa
How Do You See the World? -- https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/02/the-map-that-will-change-how-you-see-the-world/


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US National Parks Maps: A Personal Project.

Begun in 2013 by Colorado park ranger Matt Holly, the site currently (as of 2017) hosts “1,198 free high-resolution national park maps to view, save, and download.”


National-park-map 800x565.jpg


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Carto

https://carto.com/
https://carto.com/press/
https://carto.com/solutions/earth-observation-and-space/
https://carto.com/solutions/natural-resources/


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Earth Biosphere Mapping

Global Biodiversity GBIF.org.png


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NASAEarth 437x246.jpg


Index Mundi -- https://www.indexmundi.com/factbook/countries

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United Nations / National sites -- Environmental Data -- https://unstats.un.org/unsd/environment/clinks.htm

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World Bank/Country Data -- https://data.worldbank.org/country

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Environmental Performance Index (EPI) -- https://epi.yale.edu/reports/2016-report

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Environmental Law -- https://www.globalenvironmentallaw.org/Site/COUNTRY_PROFILES.html

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OECD (see Environmental Data) -- https://stats.oecd.org/index.aspx


OECD Global Data.png

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Aquifers globalstudy 2015.png


Aquifers June2015 past the tipping point.png

https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/wonkblog/wp/2015/06/16/new-nasa-studies-show-how-the-world-is-running-out-of-water/

https://mashable.com/2015/06/16/groundwater-aquifers-depleted/

https://touch.latimes.com/#section/-1/article/p2p-83799955/

https://www.nzherald.co.nz/world/news/article.cfm?c_id=2&objectid=11466534


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Earth Science Vital Signs, Pulse of the Planet Climate Essentials.png


Landsat band imagery2.png

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