Climate Change - Global Warming Keyword-Terms

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GreenPolicy360: Knowledge of climate change and the language of climate science continues to change and evolve.

From a 1977 Energy and Climate Report of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences, then 1978 first-ever National Climate Act/Program drafted and passed by the U.S. Congress in 1978, that was followed in 1979 by a National Academy Climate Science report (that was presciently accurate in its predictions) and through decades of research, science and climate activism up until today, the 'measuring and monitoring' of climate facts and data have increased in volume and accuracy -- as climate change has sparked debate around the world.

Planet citizens, planet scientists over the years, from the first global climate conferences and meetings, the Intergovernmental Panels on Climate Change and Framework Conventions on Climate Change, have tracked climate disruption and climate breakdown as the extent of the developing climate crisis has come into the light.

The question is -- What are we, all of us, as communities, regions, nations of the world going to do about the reality we are creating that is threatening life on Earth?

We at GreenPolicy360 believe Green Education is a responsibility we all take up. Let's look to keywords, terms and new definitions that are now needed.


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The Climate Dictionary - as of 2023.png


The Climate Dictionary

United Nations Development Programme


You can view the web version of Climate Dictionary here


UNDP: The Climate Dictionary is an initiative aimed at providing an everyday guide to understanding climate change. It seeks to bridge the gap between complex scientific jargon and the general public, making climate concepts accessible and relatable to individuals from various backgrounds and levels of expertise.


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In 2019 The Guardian updated its Style Guide for reporters, writers, and editors. We can see this as a reflection of how keywords and terms within climate science are becoming more precise ... review the article that is titled:

"It's a crisis, not a change": six Guardian language changes on climate matters


Climate Change or Global Warming

Explore the evolution of the terms 'climate change' and 'global warming'.


Look back to the 1975 scientific paper by Wally Broecker that is often credited with introducing warnings of "Global Warming".

Dr. Wallace Broecker became known over subsequent years for having 'popularized' the term 'global warming' (although he said he didn't want the credit 'on his tombstone'.)


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GreenPolicy360 Siterunner: The beginnings of modern environmental and climate science can be traced to the 1960s and 1970s. The U.S. National Academy of Sciences played a key role in laying a foundation of scientific reports and data and, in 1977-78, I watched and participated in the discussion, debate and drafting of climate legislation, the first National Climate Act. The principal author of the legislation was my good friend, Representative George E. Brown from my home town, Monterey Park in East Los Angeles. Congressman Brown was attempting to define and set out a course of action that the National Academy of Sciences had began to describe in 1977/1979 as a gathering global threat. The terms used to described the threat were both "global warming" and "climate change".


National Climate Program Act (1978)

An Act to establish a comprehensive and coordinated national climate policy and program, and for other purposes


95th Congress (1977-1978)

Authored by Rep. George E. Brown
National Climate Program Act - 1978


A decade after the 1978 National Climate Act, a prominent scientist, Jim Hansen became a national news story. In testimony before the U.S. Senate, Jim Hansen used the term 'global warming' in his extensively reported 'dire warning' that the world faced a crisis as, due to greenhouse gas emissions from the burning of fossil fuels, the world was entering a new era of environmental disruption. Scientists pointed at the consequences of CO2 emissions, global warming producing, in turn, atmospheric systems disruption, drought, severe weather events, air pollution, biodiversity loss, extensive human costs. Political reactions varied from efforts to protect and secure a safe environment to political forces fighting against the new environmental agenda and attempting to maintain the vast power and reach of the fossil fuel industry.

Those of us who were activists faced daunting odds in making change even as news headlines began to be featured by some newspaper and media reports.

The science of climate and global warming, the big picture, begins to reach the mainstream media (MSM) with the widely reported coverage of Dr. Hansen's warnings of global warming. Public awareness of climate change moves forward and citizen activism becomes a call to action...


Planet citizens step up


Going Green

Green 'Vita Activa'

New Visions of Security


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Climate Change & Global Warming -- Definitions, a History:


"Inadvertent climate modification"


Beyond "Inadvertent climate modification" -- Wally's Global Warming Warning



Corporate Public Relations for Oil/Gas Reframes Global Warming Facts and Science

The first deep analysis of MobilExxon communications policy/communications about climate change/global warming.

(excerpt from the study)

After the 1999 Mobil and Exxon merger... >Mobil advertorials disproportionately contested climate science head-on, discussing emission(s) of CO2/carbon dioxide and the global warming effect (terms exhibiting statistically significant divergence are underlined throughout). Mobil advertorials also notably engaged in climate policy debates concerning the role of the US (and Senate) compared with other nations as part of the Kyoto treaty plan. By contrast, ExxonMobil Corp advertorials no longer referred to “global warming”: the term became taboo (FS = 0.10). Relative usage of “climate change” versus “global warming” went from 3-to-1 pre-merger to 34-to-1 post merger. Indeed, ExxonMobil Corp mostly sidestepped detailed discussions about climate science, acknowledging only the long-term risks of climate change before reframing it as a challenge to meet the public's energy demand and needs. ExxonMobil Corp advertorials emphasized the need for more climate and energy technologies research, such as the company's sponsorship of the GCEP (Global Climate and Energy Project) at Stanford University. Current solar and wind technologies were presented as inadequate.

Advertorials versus internal documents

Comparing divergent terms in all advertorials against those in internal documents, a combination of the above advertorial themes emerges (Tables 2 and 4). Numerous Mobil and ExxonMobil Corp advertorials promoted explicit doubt about whether AGW is real and human caused. They emphasized debate and focused on what scientists “do and don't know” [Climate science uncertainty] (topic labels from Table 4 are indicated in bracketed italics throughout). This eventually gave way to rhetoric about potential long-term risks of AGW (after several years of overlap in ∼2000–2005 and 2007)...


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Glossary of Climate Change Terms (as of 2019) - US Environmental Protection Agency


Climate Change - Global Warming - Science Glossary & Terms


James-hansen.jpg


Eco-tags / Eco-news

https://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/GTN_GreenLinks_Trending_News


Global weirding: Slang term for climate change, coined by Hunter Lovins, co-founder of the Rocky Mountain Institute, a US-based energy think-tank. The term has been catching on in cyberspace, as it aptly sums up the crazy impact of global warming — more intense heat and cold spells in some places, shorter winters and longer droughts in others, excessive flooding in more places, more frequent and bigger cyclones, and so on.


Energy-exia: A combination of energy and anorexia. Refers to people who follow an extremely strict carbon-footprint regimen. The New York Times, the daily newspaper, coined the term in an article in October 2008 about "energy anorexics" – people who grow their own produce, air-dry their clothes, and let their children share beds to pool body heat.

Eco-hacking or Geo-engineering: The use of science in large-scale projects to change the environment or stop global warming, for example, by putting reflectors on ocean surfaces to reflect sunlight back into the atmosphere, as suggested by US president Lyndon Johnson's advisors when scientists warned of the impact of carbon dioxide on the climate in the 1960s. Kind of B-grade sci-fi as the Guardian newspaper in the UK put it.

Ecoflation: Inflation caused by ecological problems in the future, such as water scarcity, which would push the price of production up. The term was used in a report, 'Rattling Supply Chains', co-authored by the World Resources Institute, the US-based environmental think-tank, which looked into the cost of production in the future expected to rise when the implementation of climate change policy would result in a price for greenhouse gas emissions, water scarcity; and deforestation policies.

Green audit: An assessment to determine the environmental impact of an activity, product, or production process by examining, for example, the use of energy, the type of raw materials, and disposal of any waste materials.

Greenwashing: Refers to repositioning a product to stress its eco-friendly attributes; it can even apply to politicians, according to scientist Jim Hansen.

Locavore: Someone who tries to eat food grown within a certain radius of their home; the food not only tastes better because it is fresher, but less energy is wasted in transporting it. The term was coined by US chef Jessica Prentice.


Precycle: The practice of reducing waste by making a conscious effort, for instance, buying consumables in bulk to reduce packaging, or choosing products in recyclable packaging instead of those in non-recyclable materials, and using electronic media for reading material rather than throwaway items like magazines or newspapers.


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EcoInternet Search


Eco-Search Engine


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Evolving list of scientific & popular terms


A -

Anthropocene

Anthropogenic climate disruption (ACD)


AGW - Anthropogenic Global Warming


Antarctic Melt


Arctic Sea Ice Melt


Atmosphere / Atmospheric Science


B -

Biofuels

Gas or liquid fuel made from plant material. Includes wood, wood waste, wood liquors, peat, railroad ties, wood sludge, spent sulfite liquors, agricultural waste, straw, tires, fish oils, tall oil, sludge waste, waste alcohol, municipal solid waste, landfill gases, other waste, and ethanol blended into motor gasoline.


Biomass

Materials that are biological in origin, including organic material (both living and dead) from above and below ground, for example, trees, crops, grasses, tree litter, roots, and animals and animal waste.


Biosphere

The part of the Earth system comprising all ecosystems and living organisms, in the atmosphere, on land (terrestrial biosphere) or in the oceans (marine biosphere), including derived dead organic matter, such as litter, soil organic matter and oceanic detritus.


C -

Climate Action Plan (CAP)

Climate Change


Climate Migration - Environmental Migrants

Mass Migration - as result of war/environmental disruption


CH4 - Methane

CO2 - Carbon Dioxide - https://www3.epa.gov/climatechange/ghgemissions/gases/co2.html


Global climate dashboard-NOAA climate.gov.jpg


CH4 graph - 1980-2020.JPG

 

CO2 photo.JPG


 


D -

Data

A collection of facts, concepts or instructions in a formalized manner suitable for communication or processing by human beings or by computer.

Data set

A logically meaningful grouping or collection of similar or related data. Data having mostly similar characteristics (source or class of source, processing level and algorithms, etc.)


You can manage only what you can measure Dr David Crisp, OCO-2, June 2014 m.jpg


E -


Earth Observing System - NASA


Earth Observing System - fleet of satellites.png


'Ecocide’

(Oxford Dictionary) - Destruction of the natural environment, especially when willfully done. "Their crime is nothing less than attempted ecocide."

"The rainforests of the Amazonia, sub-Sahraran Africa, and Borneo/Indonesia are indispensable ecological resources of the planet whose managerial control should not be left entirely to national discretion as exercised by governments, often on the basis of economistic and short-term policy goals, which is currently almost invariably the case. This statist sovereignty approach not only puts at risk the planet’s largest carbon sink and most valued source of biodiversity, as well as disrupting and imperiling the lives of 20 million or more people, mostly indigenous communities, living in Amazonia. Forest experts warn that once a rainforest is degraded beyond a certain point, a tipping point is reached, and the degrading will continue of its own accord until what was once a flourishing rainforest becomes a huge area savannah grasslands. Even before tipping points are reached it takes decades to restore forest ecosystems, including precious biodiversity resources." -- Richard Falk (2019)


Extinction


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Eco-nomics

@ Google Scholar -- Go online to https://scholar.google.com/ ...

Type in "Eco-nomics" ... compare content from scholarly journals cited by Google and GreenPolicy360's -- https://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/Category:Eco-nomics


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Environmental full-cost accounting


Environmental Security (Global Security, National Security Strategy)


Externalities


Harmful Externalities (External Costs) - http://enduse.lbl.gov/Info/Externalities.pdf


Extreme Weather


F -

Feedback mechanisms

Factors which increase or amplify (positive feedback) or decrease (negative feedback) the rate of a process. An example of positive climatic feedback is the ice-albedo feedback.


Fluorocarbons

Carbon-fluorine compounds that often contain other elements such as hydrogen, chlorine, or bromine. Common fluorocarbons include chlorofluorocarbons and related compounds (also know as ozone depleting substances).


G -

Global Commons

Global Warming


GHG - Greenhouse Gas


GISS / Goddard Institute for Space Studies


Gravity Waves (atmospheric)


Greenland (Ice Sheet Melt)


H -


Holocene


Hydroflourocarbon \


I -

IceBridge / Operation IceBridge


ICLEI – Local Governments for Sustainability


J -

Jet Stream - Hemispherical Jet Streams - "Understanding the Jet Stream" - Video


K -

Keeling Curve


Oh NOAA, Oh Mauna Loa, Oh Keeling

https://gml.noaa.gov/webdata/ccgg/trends/co2_data_mlo.png


L -

La Nina

LANCE (Land, Atmosphere Near-real-time Capability for EOS)


M -


Megadrought - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megadrought


Methane - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methane

-- Bill McKibben: (at the 2016 Democratic Party platform meeting) People used to routinely refer to natural gas as a bridge fuel that would help us overcome our climate woes. As with many things, this turned out to be much too good to be true. The problem is that if it escapes unburned into the atmosphere, each molecule of methane, CH4, depending on the timeframe you measure it on, about 86 times more powerful greenhouse gas molecule for molecule than CO2.


Montreal Protocol - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montreal_Protocol - Due to its widespread adoption and implementation it has been hailed as an example of exceptional international co-operation, with Kofi Annan quoted as saying that "perhaps the single most successful international agreement to date has been the Montreal Protocol" ... When comparing this very success story with attempts to establish an international policy on the Earth's climate or atomic energy, the entire process from a problem formulation to a global acceptance supported by a legal framework took less than a quarter of a single human generation live span.


Montreal Protocol "Ozone Hole" and International CFC Mitigation Accord


Among the treaty's accomplishments: The Montreal Protocol was the first international treaty to address a global environmental regulatory challenge; the first to embrace the "precautionary principle" in its design for science-based policymaking; the first treaty where independent experts on atmospheric science, environmental impacts, chemical technology, and economics, reported directly to Parties, without edit or censorship, functioning under norms of professionalism, peer review, and respect; the first to provide for national differences in responsibility and financial capacity to respond by establishing a multilateral fund for technology transfer; the first MEA with stringent reporting, trade, and binding chemical phase-out obligations for both developed and developing countries; and, the first treaty with a financial mechanism managed democratically by an Executive Board with equal representation by developed and developing countries.

"Amazing Recovery" - and Model for Potential of International Cooperation on Climate Issues - http://www.csmonitor.com/Science/2016/0630/Gaping-hole-in-ozone-layer-shows-amazing-recovery-say-scientists


N -

NASA

http://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/Climate_Resilience_Toolkit-USA.GOV-NOAA-NASA
http://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/NASA_EarthSciences,_Challenges_Public_to_Join_In


NCAR

NOAA


O -

OCO-2 - Orbiting Carbon Observatory


https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/NOAA_logo.svg/165px-NOAA_logo.svg.png


P -

Paris Climate Summit


Particulate Pollution (atmospheric)


Q -

QBO


R -

Representative Concentration Pathway


RCP-projections-damage to US economy.jpg


"Rossby Whistle" - "a deep whistling sound offshore in the Caribbean - an A flat - some call it 'a Rossby'", an oscillating of the earth's gravity field and it's changing its tone... the Rossby can be heard as far away as from space


Runaway Climate Change / Runaway Greenhouse Effect / "Human-Induced Hothouse"


S -

Seasonality


Scanning radiometer

An imaging system consisting of lenses, moving mirrors, and solid-state image sensors used to obtain observations of the Earth and its atmosphere. Scanning radiometers, which are the sole imaging systems on all current operational weather satellites, have far better long-term performance than the vidicon TV camera tubes used with earlier spacecraft. See Sensor.


Sea level

The datum against which land elevation and sea depth are measured. Mean sea level is the average of high and low tides. sea surface temperature (SST)

The temperature of the layer of seawater (approximately 0.5 m deep) nearest the atmosphere.


Sea-level rise


Sensor (remote sensing / satellite earth science - atmospheric science)

Device that produces an output (usually electrical) in response to stimulus such as incident radiation. Sensors aboard satellites obtain information about features and objects on Earth by detecting radiation reflected or emitted in different bands of the electromagnetic spectrum. Analyzing the transmitted data provides valuable scientific information about Earth.

Weather satellites commonly carry radiometers, which measure radiation from snow, ice, clouds, and bodies of water. Spaceborne radars are used for Earth observations, bouncing radar waves off land and ocean surfaces to study sea-surface conditions, ice thickness, and land surface features. A wind scatterometer is a special type of radar designed to measure ocean surface winds indirectly by bouncing signals off the water and measuring them from various angles. Infrared (IR) detectors measure heat generated by Earth features in the IR band of the spectrum.

Photographic reconnaissance sensors in their simplest form are large telescope-camera systems used to view objects on Earth's surface. The bigger the lens, the smaller the object that can be detected. Camera-telescope systems now incorporate all sorts of sophisticated electronics to produce better images, but even these systems need cloudless skies, excellent lighting, and good color contrast between objects and their surroundings to detect objects the size of a basketball. Some of the satellites produce film images that must be returned to Earth, but a more convenient method is to record the image as a series of digital code numbers, then reconstruct the image from the electronic code using a computer at a ground station. See Spectrophotometer


Shifting Baselines


Shifting Baselines 2.jpg


Shifting Baseline Syndrome - threats to ecosystems biodiversity.png


Spectrophotometer

A device for measuring the relative amounts of radiant energy or radiant flux as a function of wavelength.


Eyes on the Earth

Multispectral Scanning Systen - MSS.jpg

Multispectral', Digital and Dynamic -- https://landsat.gsfc.nasa.gov/


Surface air temperature

The temperature of the air near the surface of the Earth, usually determined by a thermometer in an instrument shelter about 2 m above the ground. The true daily mean, obtained from a thermograph, is approximated by the mean of 24 hourly readings and may differ by 1.0 degrees C from the average based on minimum and maximum readings. The global average surface air temperature is 15 degrees C.


Sustainable Development


T -

"Thin Blue"


"Tiny Blue-Green"


U -

Ultraviolet radiation

The energy range just beyond the violet end of the visible spectrum. Although ultraviolet radiation constitutes only about 5 percent of the total energy emitted from the sun, it is the major energy source for the stratosphere and mesosphere, playing a dominant role in both energy balance and chemical composition.

Most ultraviolet radiation is blocked by Earth's atmosphere, but some solar ultraviolet penetrates and aids in plant photosynthesis and helps produce vitamin D in humans. Too much ultraviolet radiation can burn the skin, cause skin cancer and cataracts, and damage vegetation.


United States Geological Survey (USGS)

A bureau of the Department of the Interior. USGS was established in 1879 following several Federally sponsored independent natural resource surveys of the West and Midwest. The Department of the Interior has responsibility for most of our nationally owned public lands and natural resources. The USGS monitors resources such as energy, minerals, water, land, agriculture, and irrigation. The resulting scientific information contributes to environmental-policy decision making and public safety. For example, USGS identifies flood- and landslide-prone areas and maintains maps of the United States.


V -

Vegetation Canopy Lidar (VCL)

The first satellite mission of NASA's Earth System Science Pathfinder project that will create the first maps of the three-dimensional structure of vegetation in the world's forests. The VCL lidar holds five lasers that each send 242 pulses per second at the Earth's surface. Each beam covers an area 75 feet across. By spacing the five beams a little over a mile apart, each VCL orbit will sample an area 5 miles across.


W - X / Y / Z

Water cycle

The process by which water is transpired and evaporated from the land and water, condensed in the clouds, and precipitated out onto the earth once again to replenish the water in the bodies of water on the earth


Zonal Wind Patterns


Cardinal directions m.png



Drawdown.jpg



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Read more about the early days of #ClimateAction


Our Biggest Experiment


1977/78



Congressman Brown / Science Committee in Front of Climate Action

National Climate Program Act, 1978 / PDF

The first federal program established to study and assess scientifically the issues and risks of human-caused climate change


US Public Law 95-367.png


Energy and Climate Report, 1977, National Academy of Sciences / 175 pp. / PDF via GreenPolicy360


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1988/89




Looking back after decades of science and study



Feeling the Heat 1989.png


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CLIMATE-CHANGE | ACRONYMS

AEA: Atomic Energy Act
AIA: American Institute of Architects
BAT: best available technology
BLM: Bureau of Land Management
BOEM: Bureau of Energy Management
CAA: Clean Air Act
CCS: carbon capture and sequestration
CEQ: Council on Environmental Quality
CES: clean energy standard
CFC: chlorofluorocarbon
CO2: carbon dioxide
CO2eq: carbon dioxide equivalent
CRP: Conservation Reserve Program
CSP: Conservation Stewardship Program
DAC: direct air capture
DDPP: Deep Decarbonization Pathways Project
DG: distributed generation
DOE: U.S. Department of Energy
DPF: diesel particulate filter
EERS: energy-efficiency resource standard
EIS: environmental impact statement
EISA: Energy Independence and Security Act
EPA: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
EPAct 2005: Energy Policy Act of 2005
EPCA: Energy Policy and Conservation Act
EQIP: Environmental Quality Incentives Program
EOS Earth Observing System
ESA: Endangered Species Act
ETS: emissions trading scheme
EU: European Union
EVs: electric vehicles
FAA: Federal Aviation Administration
FAST: Fixing America’s Surface Transportation Act
FCIC: Federal Crop Insurance Corporation
FERC: Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
FHA: Federal Housing Administration
FITs: feed-in tariffs
FONSI: finding of no significant impact
FPA: Federal Power Act
FSA: Farm Service Agency
FWS: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
GHG: greenhouse gas
Gt: gigaton
GST global stocktake
GWP: global warming potential
HCFC: hydrochlorofluorocarbon
HDVs: heavy-duty vehicles
HFC: hydrofluorocarbon
HFCV: hydrogen fuel cell vehicle
ICAO: International Civil Aviation Organization
IMO: International Maritime Organization
IPCC: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
ISO: independent system operator
LCCP: life-cycle climate performance
LCRs: local content requirements
LDVs: light-duty vehicles
LEED: Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design
LFG: landfill gas
LWR: light water reactor
M&V: measurement and verification
MEPS: minimum efficiency performance standards
MMT: million metric tons
MPOs: metropolitan planning organizations
MWh: megawatt hours
NEPA: National Environmental Policy Act
NETs: negative emissions technologies
NGCC: natural gas combined cycle
NHTSA: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
NPDES: national pollutant discharge elimination system
NRC: Nuclear Regulatory Commission
NRCS: Natural Resources Conservation Service
NSPS: new source performance standards
PAB: private activity bond
PHMSA: Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration
PM: particulate matter
PPA: power purchase agreement
PTC: production tax credit
PUC: public utilities commission
PURPA: Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act
PV: photovoltaic
R&D: research and development
RCRA: Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
RD&D: research, development, and demonstration
RFS: Renewable Fuel Standard
RMA: Risk Management Agency (USDA)
RPS: renewable portfolio standard
RTO: regional transmission organization
SFO: Sustainable Finance Organization
SIP: state implementation plan
SMR: small modular reactor
SWPA: Southwestern Power Administration
TNCs: transportation network companies
TOD: transit-oriented development
TPO: third-party ownership
UNFCCC: United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
USDA: U.S. Department of Agriculture
VMT: vehicle miles traveled
WAPA: Western Area Power Administration
ZEB: zero-energy building
ZNE: zero net energ



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