Category:Pesticides: Difference between revisions

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dPesticides: The Great Debate

• https://www.politico.eu/event/the-great-pesticides-debate/

Pesticide Impacts

Missing Bugs

• Via the Guardian / Plummeting insect numbers 'threaten collapse of nature'

• Insect collapse: ‘We are destroying our life support systems’

The world’s insects are hurtling down the path to extinction, threatening a “catastrophic collapse of nature’s ecosystems”, according to the first global scientific review.

The analysis, published in the journal Biological Conservation, says intensive agriculture is the main driver of the declines, particularly the heavy use of pesticides.

The Poison Papers

Documenting the Hidden History of Chemical and Pesticide Hazards in the United States

Poison Papers / PDF

• https://www.poisonpapers.org/

• https://www.documentcloud.org/public/search/Group:%20independentsciencenews

Factoid: According to the Environmental Protection Agency (as of 2015), there are more than 865 registered pesticides registered in the US

The “Poison Papers” represent a vast trove of rediscovered chemical industry and regulatory agency documents and correspondence stretching back to the 1920s. Taken as a whole, the papers show that both industry and regulators understood the extraordinary toxicity of many chemical products and worked together to conceal this information from the public and the press. These papers will transform our understanding of the hazards posed by certain chemicals on the market and the fraudulence of some of the regulatory processes relied upon to protect human health and the environment.

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The Pesticide, Pro/Con Debate Continues

Gains associated with pesticide use include:

1. Economics of pesticide production:$50+ billion dollar business.

2. It has been estimated that millions of lives have been saved from death through malaria, yellow fever, sleeping sickness, Black plague and typhoid

3. With respect to agriculture- 35% lost before cropping and 20% post with pesticides ; without pesticide another 8% of additional damage would occur.

The psychological damage ('non perfect' fruit and vegetables) would be even greater- 20-90%

4. Forestry - millions of acres have been sprayed; Spruce budworm and gypsy moth. some contend however that these insects cycle normally and would decrease without the use of pesticides.

Cons associated with pesticide use:

1. Genetic resistance - every year the number of resistant species evolving increases.

Today, nearly 275 weeds and more than 500 insects are resistant to at least one pesticide. That's more than five times the amount in 1950. And farmers lose more crops to pests today than they did in the 1940s.

2. Most chemical pesticides are nonspecific - effect a large number of species, pest and non-pest.

3. Pesticides treadmill: from 1940 --> 1984 crop loss has increased from 7 --> 13% while pesticide use increased 12X. Why? with spraying we have killed the predators of the pests, and once the pest species is released from natural controls ( both no predation and no competition) their populations escalate.

4. With aerial application, only 10% reaches the crop and only 0.1%-5% reaches the targeted pest.

5. Pesticide use has threatened and continues to impact wildlife negatively.

6. Each year WHO estimates 1-5 million people have acute poisoning and die. In the US, 20,000 are estimated to suffer from some form of pesticide poisoning.

Health impacts

• https://www2.mcdaniel.edu/Biology/eh01/pesticides/pestiscide_health_effects.html

History of pesticide use

• https://www2.mcdaniel.edu/Biology/eh01/pesticides/historyofpesticidesuse.html

Alternatives to pesticides

• https://www2.mcdaniel.edu/Biology/eh01/pesticides/alternatives.html

Types of pesticides:

• https://www2.mcdaniel.edu/Biology/eh01/pesticides/pesticides1.html

Heavy metals, organic and/or inorganic pesticides

• https://www2.mcdaniel.edu/Biology/eh01/pesticides/metalpesticides.html

• https://www2.mcdaniel.edu/Biology/eh01/pesticides/naturalpesticides.html

Chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides (DDT)

• https://www2.mcdaniel.edu/Biology/eh01/pesticides/chlorinated_hydrocarbons.html

Organophosphate pesticides

• https://www2.mcdaniel.edu/Biology/eh01/pesticides/organophosphates.html

Carbamates

• https://www2.mcdaniel.edu/Biology/eh01/pesticides/carbamates.html

Herbicides / Miticides

• https://www2.mcdaniel.edu/Biology/eh01/pesticides/herbicides.html

• https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acaricide

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